syfrdanu
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Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From syfrdan (“stunned, amazed”) + -u.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /səvrˈdanɨ̞/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /səvrˈda(ː)ni/
Verb
[edit]syfrdanu (first-person singular present syfrdanaf, not mutable)
- (intransitive) to be stunned, to be amazed, to be surprised
- Synonym: synnu
- (transitive) to stun, to amaze, to surprise
- Synonym: synnu
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | syfrdanaf | syfrdeni | syfrdana | syfrdanwn | syfrdenwch, syfrdanwch | syfrdanant | syfrdenir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
syfrdanwn | syfrdanit | syfrdanai | syfrdanem | syfrdanech | syfrdanent | syfrdenid | |
| preterite | syfrdenais | syfrdenaist | syfrdanodd | syfrdanasom | syfrdanasoch | syfrdanasant | syfrdanwyd | |
| pluperfect | syfrdanaswn | syfrdanasit | syfrdanasai | syfrdanasem | syfrdanasech | syfrdanasent | syfrdanasid, syfrdanesid | |
| present subjunctive | syfrdanwyf | syfrdenych | syfrdano | syfrdanom | syfrdanoch | syfrdanont | syfrdaner | |
| imperative | — | syfrdana | syfrdaned | syfrdanwn | syfrdenwch, syfrdanwch | syfrdanent | syfrdaner | |
| verbal noun | syfrdanu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | syfrdanedig syfrdanadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | syfrdana i, syfrdanaf i | syfrdani di | syfrdanith o/e/hi, syfrdaniff e/hi | syfrdanwn ni | syfrdanwch chi | syfrdanan nhw |
| conditional | syfrdanwn i, syfrdanswn i | syfrdanet ti, syfrdanset ti | syfrdanai fo/fe/hi, syfrdansai fo/fe/hi | syfrdanen ni, syfrdansen ni | syfrdanech chi, syfrdansech chi | syfrdanen nhw, syfrdansen nhw |
| preterite | syfrdanais i, syfrdanes i | syfrdanaist ti, syfrdanest ti | syfrdanodd o/e/hi | syfrdanon ni | syfrdanoch chi | syfrdanon nhw |
| imperative | — | syfrdana | — | — | syfrdanwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
References
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “syfrdanu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies