գորգ

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Armenian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian գորգ (gorg, “rag, floorcloth”). The ascription of the meaning ‘carpet’ to this word is probably a result of a mistake.

Pronunciation

Noun

գորգ • (gorg)

  1. carpet
    Synonyms: խալի (xali), կարպետ (karpet)

Declension

i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
singular plural
nominative գորգ (gorg) գորգեր (gorger)
dative գորգի (gorgi) գորգերի (gorgeri)
ablative գորգից (gorgicʻ) գորգերից (gorgericʻ)
instrumental գորգով (gorgov) գորգերով (gorgerov)
locative գորգում (gorgum) գորգերում (gorgerum)
definite forms
nominative գորգը/գորգն (gorgə/gorgn) գորգերը/գորգերն (gorgerə/gorgern)
dative գորգին (gorgin) գորգերին (gorgerin)
1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative գորգս (gorgs) գորգերս (gorgers)
dative գորգիս (gorgis) գորգերիս (gorgeris)
ablative գորգիցս (gorgicʻs) գորգերիցս (gorgericʻs)
instrumental գորգովս (gorgovs) գորգերովս (gorgerovs)
locative գորգումս (gorgums) գորգերումս (gorgerums)
2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative գորգդ (gorgd) գորգերդ (gorgerd)
dative գորգիդ (gorgid) գորգերիդ (gorgerid)
ablative գորգիցդ (gorgicʻd) գորգերիցդ (gorgericʻd)
instrumental գորգովդ (gorgovd) գորգերովդ (gorgerovd)
locative գորգումդ (gorgumd) գորգերումդ (gorgerumd)

Derived terms

Old Armenian

Etymology

Usually considered a word of unknown origin.[1]

J̌ahukyan derived from Hittite [Term?] (/⁠kurka-⁠/), glossing it as ‘cover’,[2] but Simon rejects this etymology, because it has been established now that the correct meaning of the Hittite word is ‘foal’[3]. The connection with the Hittite was first suggested by Łapʿancʿyan.[4]

Probably related to Chechen горгам (gorgam), га̄ргум (gaargum, “floorcloth”), горгум (gorgum, “floorcloth; rag for cleaning the gun after lubrication”); Khvarshi горгом (gorgom), горгум (gorgum, “floorcloth”) (borrowed from Chechen); Tabasaran гъюаь́ргъв (ġjuá̱rġ°, “rag”), гъяргъ (ġjarġ), гъяргъвяр (ġjarġ°jar, “rags”); Lezgi кьваркь (q̇varq̇, “rag”). Possibly also to Ingush герми (germi, “rag; floorcloth; cork; wad; brush for whitewashing”), Chechen герми (germi, “floorcloth”), герма (germa), гермие (germije, “wad”), герм (germ, “floorcloth; wad”). For the Nakh forms listed here a derivation from the Nakh word for ‘round; circle’ has been suggested: compare Chechen горга (gorga, “round”), го (go, “circle”).[5] The latter are considered native terms respectively from Proto-Nakh *gōg-rV- (“round”) and *gōga (“circle”), ultimately from Proto-Northeast Caucasian.[6]

Noun

գորգ • (gorg)

  1. rag or floorcloth
    Synonym: կապերտ (kapert)
    • 8th century, Stepʻannos Siwnecʻi, Meknutʻiwn Kʻerakanin [Commentary on Grammar] , (1915 edition, page 209):
      Իսկ փաղանունք ասին, որ են զոյգ անուանք․ անիւ և ճղուղ, առեղ և աւարտք, հեւան եւ դանդանք, կունդք եւ ականոց, հեց եւ բոյթ, կապերտ եւ գորգ, ձի եւ դզի, երամակապան եւ կուտպան, բիր եւ մահակ, որոց բնութիւն մի եւ անուանք այլ։
      Isk pʻałanunkʻ asin, or en zoyg anuankʻ; aniw ew čłuł, aṙeł ew awartkʻ, hewan ew dandankʻ, kundkʻ ew akanocʻ, hecʻ ew boytʻ, kapert ew gorg, ji ew dzi, eramakapan ew kutpan, bir ew mahak, orocʻ bnutʻiwn mi ew anuankʻ ayl.

Usage notes

The only attested passage is the quoted grammatical text Meknutʿiwn Kʿerakanin, where գորգ (gorg) appears in a list of synonym pairs as a synonym of կապերտ (kapert, “rag”), which would develop later into կարպետ (karpet, “carpet, rug”). From this passage the dictionaries mainly ascribed the meaning ‘carpet’ to գորգ (gorg), resulting in the modern literary language adopting գորգ (gorg) as the usual designation for ‘carpet’. The word is not recorded in the dialects which could have allowed to clear its meaning. However, the new Northeast Caucasian parallels prove that the more precise and correct meaning is ‘rag’ or ‘floorcloth’.

Descendants

  • → Armenian: գորգ (gorg)

Further reading

  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “գորգ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Ġazaryan, Ṙ. S., Avetisyan, H. M. (2009) “գորգ”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 148a
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “գորգ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy

References

  1. ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “գորգ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 583b
  2. ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎[1] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 313
  3. ^ Simon, Zsolt (2013) “Die These der hethitisch-luwischen Lehnwörter im Armenischen: eine kritische Neubetrachtung”, in International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction‎[2] (in German), volume 10, number 2, page 104
  4. ^ Ġapʻancʻyan, Grigor (1961) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun. Hin šrǰan [History of the Armenian Language. Ancient Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 170
  5. ^ Lua error in Module:quote at line 2664: Parameter "" is not used by this template.
  6. ^ Nikolaev, Sergei L., Starostin, Sergei A. (1994) “*gīrgwV”, in A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary‎[3], Moscow: Asterisk Publishers
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