Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/walu

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Proto-Austronesian cardinal numbers

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Cardinal : *walu

Etymology

Any etymology beyond this reconstructed form is controversial. Sagart (2004) considers it to have arisen after Proto-Austronesian proper, rather than from a compound from *ɣatep (“five”) +‎ *təlu (“three”), and relates it to Kulon-Pazeh xasebatulu (literally “five and three”), but Winter (2010) rejects this on phonological and historical grounds.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /walu/

Numeral

*walu

1. eight

Descendants

• East Formosan:
  • Kavalan: uwalu
• Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *walu
  • East Barito:
    • Malagasy: valo
  • Proto-Philippine:
    • Aklanon: waeo
    • Asi: wayo
    • Bikol Central: walo
    • Bolinao: walo
    • Botolan Sambal: walo
    • Brooke's Point Palawano: walu
    • Cebuano: walo
    • Cuyunon: walo
    • Dupaningan Agta: walu
    • Hiligaynon: walo
    • Ibanag: walu
    • Ilocano: walo
    • Proto-Kalamian:
      • Agutaynen: walo
    • Limos Kalinga: walu
    • Maguindanao: walu
    • Tagakaulu Kalagan: walu
    • Tagalog: walo
    • Waray-Waray: walo
    • Yami: awao
  • Sama-Bajaw:
    • West Coast Bajau: wau'
  • Celebic:
    • Lindu: uwalu
  • Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
    • Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
      • Proto-Oceanic:
        • Central-Eastern Oceanic:
          • Fijian: walu
          • Proto-Polynesian: *walu (see there for further descendants)
          • Rotuman: vạlu
    • Timor-Babar:
      • Tetum: ualu
    • Javanese: ꦮꦺꦴꦭꦸ (wolu)
  • Kaili-Pamona:
    • Uma: walu
  • Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
    • Madurese: ꦧꦭ꧀ꦭꦸꦃ
    • Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
      • Proto-Malayic: *walu

References

• Sagart, Laurent. 2004. "The higher phylogeny of Austronesian and the position of Tai-Kadai." Oceanic Linguistics 43, 2:411–444.
• Winter, Bodo. 2010. "A note on the higher phylogeny of Austronesian." Oceanic Linguistics 49, 1:282–287.