Module:User:Benwing2/cs-noun
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This is a private module sandbox of Benwing2, for their own experimentation. Items in this module may be added and removed at Benwing2's discretion; do not rely on this module's stability.
local export = {}
--[=[
Authorship: Ben Wing <benwing2>
]=]
--[=[
TERMINOLOGY:
-- "slot" = A particular combination of case/number.
Example slot names for nouns are "gen_s" (genitive singular) and
"voc_p" (vocative plural). Each slot is filled with zero or more forms.
-- "form" = The declined Czech form representing the value of a given slot.
-- "lemma" = The dictionary form of a given Czech term. Generally the nominative
masculine singular, but may occasionally be another form if the nominative
masculine singular is missing.
]=]
--[=[
FIXME:
1. Finish synthesize_singular_lemma(). [DONE]
2. Implement feminines in -ea, -oa/-ua, -ia, -oe. [DONE]
3. Implement "mixed" masculine nouns in -l, -n, -t (each different, also inanimate vs. animate). [DONE]
4. Allow 'stem:' override after vowel-final words like [[centurio]]. [DONE using decllemma:]
5. Support masculine foreign nouns in -us/-os/-es. [DONE]
6. Support masculine foreign nouns in -ius/-etc. [DONE]
7. Support masculine foreign nouns in unpronounced final -e (e.g. [[software]]). [DONE]
8. Support neuter foreign nouns in -um/-on. [DONE]
9. Support neuter foreign nouns in -ium/-ion. [DONE]
10. Support paired body parts, e.g. [[ruka]], [[noha]], [[oko]], [[ucho]], [[koleno]], [[rameno]]. [WON'T DO;
JUST SEPARATE THE MEANINGS AND GIVE THEM DIFFERENT DECLENSIONS]
11. Support masculine nouns in -e/ě that are neuter in the plural. [DONE]
12. Correctly handle -e vs. -ě, e.g. soft neuters have both [[kutě]] and [[poledne]]. [DONE]
13. Always use specified lemma in nom_pl and maybe acc_pl when plurale tantum. [DONE]
14. Support feminine nouns in -ca/-ča/-ša/-ža. [DONE]
15. Support feminine nouns in -ja/-ňa. [DONE]
16. Support mixed i-stem feminine nouns. [DONE]
17. Support "c as k" feminine nouns like [[ayahuasca]].
18. Support 'declgender'. [DONE]
19. Support pronouns with clitics. [DONE]
20. Singular-only and plural-only terms should not have number in accelerator form. [DONE]
21. Support [[úterý]] (like neuters in -í). [DONE]
22. Support feminines in -i ([[máti]], [[pramáti]]). [DONE]
23. Support foreign nouns in -ie ([[zombie]], [[hippie]], [[yuppie]]). [DONE]
24. Support foreign nouns in -í ([[muftí]], [[qádí]]). [DONE]
25. Support manual declensions. [DONE]
26. Support numerals. [DONE]
27. Allow for reducible spec in pluralia tantum and dereduce accordingly; also automatically assign reducibility
if singular stem ends in -Ck or -Cc. [DONE]
28. Use `pos` value in all categories.
29. Support determiners [[kolik]], [[tolik]], [[několik]], [[mnoho]].
30. Support a '.velar' indicator for foreign names whose pronunciation but not spelling ends in a velar: [[Remarque]],
[[Braque]], [[Mike]], [[Drake]], [[Jake]] with vocative 'Remarquu', 'Braquu', 'Mikeu', 'Drakeu', 'Jakeu'. In
general we need more thought around such foreign names; essentially, for names in a silent e, sometimes the -e
is dropped in all oblique forms (e.g. [[Shakespeare]], [[Pierre]], [[Barrande]], [[La Fontaine]], [[Braque]],
[[Remarque]] with gen sg 'Shakespeara', 'Pierra', Barranda', 'La Fontaina', 'Braqua', 'Remarqua') and sometimes
it's kept in all oblique forms except those ending in an -e, where -ee is avoided (e.g. [[Pete]], [[Gable]],
[[Jake]], [[White]], [[Byrne]], [[Mike]], [[Drake]] with gen sg 'Petea', 'Gablea' etc. and voc sg 'Pete', 'Gable'
but 'Jakeu', 'Mikeu'). Sometimes there are doublets, e.g. [[Hubble]] and [[Hume]] have gen sg 'Hubbla/Hubblea'
(where the second form is used among astronomers in a technical sense and the first form may be more popular)
and 'Huma/Humea'. We already have a '.foreign' indicator that when applied to a noun ending in -e drops the -e
in oblique forms e.g. for [[software]]. We may need to combine this with an explicit indicator of hard, soft or
velar as there will be names with silent -e and preceding soft consonant e.g. [[Bruce]], [[Coleridge]]. Note
that when the -e is kept it is still dropped before front vowels, hence dat sg 'Bruci'/Bruceovi'. Need some
investigation in IJP and cswikt.
]=]
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("cs")
local m_table = require("Module:table")
local m_links = require("Module:links")
local m_string_utilities = require("Module:string utilities")
local iut = require("Module:inflection utilities")
local m_para = require("Module:parameters")
local com = require("Module:cs-common")
local current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
local NAMESPACE = current_title.nsText
local PAGENAME = current_title.text
local u = mw.ustring.char
local rsplit = mw.text.split
local rfind = mw.ustring.find
local rmatch = mw.ustring.match
local rgmatch = mw.ustring.gmatch
local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub
local ulen = mw.ustring.len
local usub = mw.ustring.sub
local uupper = mw.ustring.upper
local ulower = mw.ustring.lower
local force_cat = false -- set to true to make categories appear in non-mainspace pages, for testing
-- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value
local function rsub(term, foo, bar)
local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
return retval
end
-- version of rsubn() that returns a 2nd argument boolean indicating whether
-- a substitution was made.
local function rsubb(term, foo, bar)
local retval, nsubs = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
return retval, nsubs > 0
end
local function track(track_id)
require("Module:debug/track")("cs-noun/" .. track_id)
return true
end
local output_noun_slots = {
nom_s = "nom|s",
nom_s_linked = "nom|s",
gen_s = "gen|s",
gen_s_linked = "gen|s",
clitic_gen_s = "clitic|gen|s",
dat_s = "dat|s",
clitic_dat_s = "clitic|dat|s",
acc_s = "acc|s",
clitic_acc_s = "clitic|acc|s",
voc_s = "voc|s",
loc_s = "loc|s",
ins_s = "ins|s",
nom_p = "nom|p",
nom_p_linked = "nom|p",
gen_p = "gen|p",
dat_p = "dat|p",
acc_p = "acc|p",
voc_p = "voc|p",
loc_p = "loc|p",
ins_p = "ins|p",
}
local function get_output_noun_slots(alternant_multiword_spec)
-- FIXME: To save memory we modify the table in-place. This won't work if we ever end up with multiple calls to
-- this module in the same Lua invocation, and we would need to clone the table.
if alternant_multiword_spec.number ~= "both" then
for slot, accel_form in pairs(output_noun_slots) do
output_noun_slots[slot] = accel_form:gsub("|[sp]$", "")
end
end
return output_noun_slots
end
local potential_lemma_slots = {"nom_s", "nom_p", "gen_s"}
local cases = {
nom = true,
gen = true,
dat = true,
acc = true,
voc = true,
loc = true,
ins = true,
}
local clitic_cases = {
gen = true,
dat = true,
acc = true,
}
local function dereduce(stem)
local dereduced_stem = com.dereduce(stem)
if not dereduced_stem then
error("Unable to dereduce stem '" .. stem .. "'")
end
return dereduced_stem
end
--[=[
Maybe modify the stem and/or ending in certain special cases:
1. Final -e in vocative singular triggers first palatalization of the stem in some cases (e.g. hard masc).
2. Endings beginning with ě, i, í trigger second palatalization, as does -e in the loc_s.
NOTE: Correctly handling -e vs. -ě and -tdn/-ťďň alternations is tricky. We have to deal with the following:
1. Soft-stem and t-stem neuters can have either -e or -ě. With coronals we have both [[poledne]] "noon" with /n/ and
[[kutě]] "bed" with /ť/. We also have soft-stem neuter [[Labe]] with /b/ vs. t-stem neuter [[hříbě]] with /bj/.
2. Underlying palatal coronals maintain their nature before back vowels and when not followed by a vowel, e.g. [[štěně]]
"puppy" becomes 'štěňata' in the nom/acc/voc plural and [[přítelkyně]] "girlfriend" becomes 'přítelkyň' in the gen
plural, but underlying palatal labials become non-palatal, e.g. [[hříbě]] "foal" becomes 'hříbata' in the nom/acc/voc
plural.
3. There are at least four types of endings beginning with '-e':
a. "maintaining" endings, e.g. instrumental singular '-em', which do not change the nature of the consonant, e.g.
[[zákon]] "law" becomes 'zákonem' while [[vězeň]] "prisoner" becomes 'vězeněm';
b. "palatalizing" endings, e.g. locative singular '-e', which palatalizes t/d/n (and more generally applies the
Slavic second palatalization, e.g. k -> c, r -> ř), e.g. [[žena]] "woman" becomes 'ženě';
c. "depalatalizing" endings, e.g. feminine i-stem dative plural '-em', which actively depalatalize ť/ď/ň, e.g.
[[oběť]] "sacrifice, victim" becomes 'obětem';
d. vocative singular '-e' of hard-stem masculines, which applies the Slavic first palatalization in some
circumstances (e.g. k -> č, Cr -> Cř, sometimes c -> č).
The way we handle this as follows:
1. We maintain the underlying stems always in their "pronounced" form, i.e. if the last consonant is pronounced ť/ď/ň
we maintain the stem in that form, but if pronounced t/d/n, we use those consonants. Hence neuter [[poledne]] "noon"
has stem 'poledn-' but neuter [[štěně]] "puppy" has stem 'štěň'. If the stem ends in labial + /j/, we use a special
TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL character after the labial (rather than 'j', in case of stems that actually have a written 'j' in
them such as [[banjo]]).
2. We signal types (a), (b) and (c) above using respectively 'e', 'ě' and 'E'. Type (d) uses 'e' and sets
`base.palatalize_voc`.
3. In combine_stem_ending(), we convert the stem back to the written form before adding the ending. If the ending begins
with -e, this may entail converting -e to -ě, and in all cases -E is converted to -e. "Converting to the written
form" converts ť/ď/ň to plain equivalents and deletes TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL before -e, converting -e to -ě with such
consonants. The same conversions happen before other front consonants -ě/-é/-i/-í, which don't allow ť/ď/ň to
precede, and in all cases with TEMP_SOFT_LABIAL, which is not an actual consonant.
4. If the ending is specified using -ě, this is maintained after plain coronals and labials in combine_stem_ending(),
and converted to -e in other cases.
5. Applying the first and second palatalization happens below in apply_special_cases().
]=]
local function apply_special_cases(base, slot, stem, ending)
local palatalize_voc
if slot == "voc_s" and ending == "e" and base.palatalize_voc then
local palstem = com.apply_first_palatalization(stem)
-- According to IJP, nouns ending in -Cr palatalize in the vocative, but those in -Vr don't. In reality,
-- though, it's more complex. It appears that animate nouns in -Cr tend to palatalize but inanimate nouns
-- do it optionally. Specifics:
-- -- Inanimate nouns with optional palatalization (ř listed second): [[alabastr]], [[amfiteátr]], [[barometr]],
-- [[centilitr]], [[centrimetr]], [[decilitr]], [[decimetr]], [[Dněstr]], [[filtr]], [[galvanometr]],
-- [[hektolitr]], [[kalorimetr]], [[litr]], [[lustr]], [[manometr]], [[manšestr]], [[metr]] (NOTE: is both
-- animate and inanimate), [[mikrometr]], [[miliampérmetr]], [[mililitr]], [[nanometr]], [[orchestr]],
-- [[parametr]], [[piastr]], [[půllitr]], [[radiometr]], [[registr]], [[rotmistr]], [[semestr]], [[skútr]],
-- [[spirometr]], [[svetr]], [[šutr]], [[tachometr]], [[titr]], [[vítr]] (NOTE: has í-ě alternation),
-- [[voltmetr]]; [[bagr]], [[bunkr]], [[cedr]], [[Dněpr]], [[fofr]], [[habr]] (NOTE: ř listed first), [[hadr]]
-- (NOTE: ř listed first), [[hamr]], [[kafr]], [[kepr]], [[kopr]], [[koriandr]], [[krekr]], [[kufr]],
-- [[Kypr]], [[lágr]], [[lógr]], [[manévr]], [[masakr]], [[okr]], [[oleandr]], [[pulovr]], [[šlágr]],
-- [[vichr]] (NOTE: ř listed first), [[žánr]]
--
-- -- Inanimate nouns that don't palatalize: [[ampérmetr]], [[anemometr]], [[sfygmomanometr]], [[sfygmometr]];
-- [[dodekaedr]], [[Hamr]], [[ikozaedr]], [[kvádr]], [[sandr]], [[torr]]
--
-- -- Animate nouns that palatalize: [[arbitr]], [[bratr]], [[ekonometr]], [[foniatr]], [[fotr]], [[geometr]],
-- [[kmotr]], [[lotr]], [[magistr]], [[metr]] (NOTE: is both animate and inanimate), [[ministr]], [[mistr]],
-- [[pediatr]], [[Petr]], [[psychiatr]], [[purkmistr]], [[setr]], [[šamstr]]; [[bobr]], [[fajnšmekr]],
-- [[humr]], [[hypochondr]], [[kapr]], [[lídr]], [[negr]], [[obr]], [[salamandr]], [[sólokapr]], [[švagr]],
-- [[tygr]], [[zlobr]], [[zubr]]
--
-- -- Animate nouns with optional palatalization (ř listed first): [[Silvestr]]; [[Alexandr]], [[snajpr]]
--
-- Note the inconsistencies, e.g. [[sfygmomanometr]] and [[ampérmetr]] don't palatalize but [[manometr]] and
-- [[miliampérmetr]] do it optionally. In reality, inanimate vocatives are extremely rare so this may not be the
-- final word.
if base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "r$") and not rfind(stem, "rr$") then
-- optional r -> ř
stem = {stem, palstem}
else
stem = palstem
end
elseif rfind(ending, "^[ěií]") or slot == "loc_s" and ending == "e" then
if rfind(stem, "ck$") and rfind(base.lemma, "ck$") then
-- IJP says nouns in -ck (back, comeback, crack, deadlock, hatchback, hattrick, joystick, paperback, quarterback,
-- rock, soundtrack, track, truck) simplify the resulting -cc ending in the loc_p to -c. Similarly [[quarterback]]
-- has nom_pl 'quarterbaci, quarterbackove'. We need to check the lemma as well because nouns in -cek don't do this.
stem = rsub(stem, "ck$", "k")
end
-- loc_s of hard masculines is sometimes -e/ě; the user might indicate this as -e, which we should handle
-- correctly
stem = com.apply_second_palatalization(stem)
end
return stem, ending
end
local function skip_slot(number, slot)
return number == "sg" and rfind(slot, "_p$") or
number == "pl" and rfind(slot, "_s$")
end
-- Basic function to combine stem(s) and ending(s) and insert the result into the appropriate slot. `stems` is either
-- the `stems` object passed into the declension functions (containing the various stems; see below) or a string to
-- override the stem. (NOTE: If you pass a string in as `stems`, you should pass the value of `stems.footnotes` as the
-- value of `footnotes` as it will be lost otherwise. If you need to supply your own footnote in addition, use
-- iut.combine_footnotes() to combine any user-specified footnote(s) with your footnote(s).) `endings` is either a
-- string specifying a single ending or a list of endings. If `endings` is nil, no forms are inserted. If an ending is
-- "-", the value of `stems` is ignored and the lemma is used instead as the stem; this is important in case the user
-- used `decllemma:` to specify a declension lemma different from the actual lemma, or specified '.foreign' (which has
-- a similar effect).
local function add(base, slot, stems, endings, footnotes)
if not endings then
return
end
if skip_slot(base.number, slot) then
return
end
local stems_footnotes = type(stems) == "table" and stems.footnotes or nil
footnotes = iut.combine_footnotes(iut.combine_footnotes(base.footnotes, stems_footnotes), footnotes)
if type(endings) == "string" then
endings = {endings}
end
for _, ending in ipairs(endings) do
-- Compute the stem. If ending is "-", use the lemma regardless. Otherwise if `stems` is a string, use it.
-- Otherwise `stems` is an object containing four stems (vowel-vs-non-vowel cross regular-vs-oblique);
-- compute the appropriate stem based on the slot and whether the ending begins with a vowel.
local stem
if ending == "-" then
stem = base.user_specified_lemma
ending = ""
elseif type(stems) == "string" then
stem = stems
else
local is_vowel_ending = rfind(ending, "^" .. com.vowel_c)
if stems.oblique_slots == "all" or
(stems.oblique_slots == "gen_p" or stems.oblique_slots == "all-oblique") and slot == "gen_p" or
stems.oblique_slots == "all-oblique" and (slot == "ins_s" or slot == "dat_p" or slot == "loc_p" or slot == "ins_p") then
if is_vowel_ending then
stem = stems.oblique_vowel_stem
else
stem = stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem
end
elseif is_vowel_ending then
stem = stems.vowel_stem
else
stem = stems.nonvowel_stem
end
end
-- Maybe apply the first or second Slavic palatalization.
stem, ending = apply_special_cases(base, slot, stem, ending)
ending = iut.combine_form_and_footnotes(ending, footnotes)
local function combine_stem_ending(stem, ending)
return com.combine_stem_ending(base, slot, stem, ending)
end
iut.add_forms(base.forms, slot, stem, ending, combine_stem_ending)
end
end
local function process_slot_overrides(base, do_slot)
for slot, overrides in pairs(base.overrides) do
if skip_slot(base.number, slot) then
error("Override specified for invalid slot '" .. slot .. "' due to '" .. base.number .. "' number restriction")
end
if do_slot(slot) then
base.slot_overridden[slot] = true
base.forms[slot] = nil
for _, override in ipairs(overrides) do
for _, value in ipairs(override.values) do
local form = value.form
local combined_notes = iut.combine_footnotes(base.footnotes, value.footnotes)
if override.full then
if form ~= "" then
iut.insert_form(base.forms, slot, {form = form, footnotes = combined_notes})
end
else
-- Convert a null ending to "-" in the acc/voc sg slots so that e.g. [[Kerberos]] declared as
-- <m.sg.foreign.gena:u.acc-:a> works correctly and generates accusative 'Kerberos/Kerbera' not
-- #'Kerber/Kerbera'.
if (slot == "acc_s" or slot == "voc_s") and form == "" then
form = "-"
end
for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do
add(base, slot, stems, form, combined_notes)
end
end
end
end
end
end
end
local function add_decl(base, stems,
gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s,
nom_p, gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes
)
add(base, "nom_s", stems, "-", footnotes)
add(base, "gen_s", stems, gen_s, footnotes)
add(base, "dat_s", stems, dat_s, footnotes)
add(base, "acc_s", stems, acc_s, footnotes)
add(base, "voc_s", stems, voc_s, footnotes)
add(base, "loc_s", stems, loc_s, footnotes)
add(base, "ins_s", stems, ins_s, footnotes)
if base.number == "pl" then
-- If this is a plurale tantum noun and we're processing the nominative plural, use the user-specified lemma
-- rather than generating the plural from the synthesized singular, which may not match the specified lemma
-- (e.g. [[tvargle]] "Olomouc cheese" using <m.pl.mixed> would try to generate 'tvargle/tvargly', and [[peníze]]
-- "money" using <m.pl.#ě.genpl-> would try to generate 'peněze').
local acc_p_like_nom = m_table.deepEquals(nom_p, acc_p)
nom_p = "-"
if acc_p_like_nom then
acc_p = "-"
end
end
add(base, "nom_p", stems, nom_p, footnotes)
add(base, "gen_p", stems, gen_p, footnotes)
add(base, "dat_p", stems, dat_p, footnotes)
add(base, "acc_p", stems, acc_p, footnotes)
add(base, "loc_p", stems, loc_p, footnotes)
add(base, "ins_p", stems, ins_p, footnotes)
end
local function add_sg_decl(base, stems,
gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, footnotes
)
add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s,
nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, footnotes)
end
local function add_pl_only_decl(base, stems,
gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes
)
add_decl(base, stems, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil,
"-", gen_p, dat_p, acc_p, loc_p, ins_p, footnotes)
end
local function add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems,
gen_s, clitic_gen_s, dat_s, clitic_dat_s, acc_s, clitic_acc_s, voc_s, loc_s, ins_s, footnotes, no_nom_s
)
if not no_nom_s then
add(base, "nom_s", stems, "-", footnotes)
end
add(base, "gen_s", stems, gen_s, footnotes)
add(base, "clitic_gen_s", stems, clitic_gen_s, footnotes)
add(base, "dat_s", stems, dat_s, footnotes)
add(base, "clitic_dat_s", stems, clitic_dat_s, footnotes)
add(base, "acc_s", stems, acc_s, footnotes)
add(base, "clitic_acc_s", stems, clitic_acc_s, footnotes)
add(base, "voc_s", stems, voc_s, footnotes)
add(base, "loc_s", stems, loc_s, footnotes)
add(base, "ins_s", stems, ins_s, footnotes)
end
local function handle_derived_slots_and_overrides(base)
local function is_non_derived_slot(slot)
return slot ~= "voc_p" and slot ~= "acc_s" and slot ~= "clitic_acc_s"
end
local function is_derived_slot(slot)
return not is_non_derived_slot(slot)
end
base.slot_overridden = {}
-- Handle overrides for the non-derived slots. Do this before generating the derived
-- slots so overrides of the source slots (e.g. nom_p) propagate to the derived slots.
process_slot_overrides(base, is_non_derived_slot)
-- Generate the remaining slots that are derived from other slots.
if not base.pron and not base.det then
-- Pronouns don't have a vocative (singular or plural).
iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "voc_p", base.forms.nom_p)
end
if not base.forms.acc_s and not base.slot_overridden.acc_s then
iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "acc_s", base.forms[base.animacy == "inan" and "nom_s" or "gen_s"])
end
if not base.forms.clitic_acc_s and not base.slot_overridden.clitic_acc_s then
iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "clitic_acc_s", base.forms[base.animacy == "inan" and "nom_s" or "clitic_gen_s"])
end
-- Handle overrides for derived slots, to allow them to be overridden.
process_slot_overrides(base, is_derived_slot)
-- Compute linked versions of potential lemma slots, for use in {{cs-noun}}.
-- We substitute the original lemma (before removing links) for forms that
-- are the same as the lemma, if the original lemma has links.
for _, slot in ipairs(potential_lemma_slots) do
iut.insert_forms(base.forms, slot .. "_linked", iut.map_forms(base.forms[slot], function(form)
if form == base.orig_lemma_no_links and rfind(base.orig_lemma, "%[%[") then
return base.orig_lemma
else
return form
end
end))
end
end
-- Table mapping declension types to functions to decline the noun. The function takes two arguments, `base` and
-- `stems`; the latter specifies the computed stems (vowel vs. non-vowel, singular vs. plural) and whether the noun
-- is reducible and/or has vowel alternations in the stem. Most of the specifics of determining which stem to use
-- and how to modify it for the given ending are handled in add_decl(); the declension functions just need to generate
-- the appropriate endings.
local decls = {}
-- Table specifying additional properties for declension types. Every declension type must have such a table, which
-- specifies which category or categories to add and what annotation to show in the title bar of the declension table.
--
-- * Only the `cat` property of this table is mandatory; there is also a `desc` property to specify the annotation, but
-- this can be omitted and the annotation will then be computed from the `cat` property. The `cat` property is either
-- a string, a list of strings or a function (of two arguments, `base` and `stems` as above) returning a string or
-- list of strings. The string can contain the keywords GENDER to substitute the gender (and animacy for masculine
-- nouns) and POS (to substitute the pluralized part of speech). The keyword GENPOS is equivalent to 'GENDER POS'. If
-- no keyword is present, ' GENPOS' is added onto the end. If only GENDER is present, ' POS' is added onto the end.
-- In all cases, the language name is added onto the beginning to form the full category name.
-- * The `desc` property is of the same form as the `cat` property and specifies the annotation to display in the title
-- bar (which may have the same format as the category minus the part of speech, or may be abbreviated). The value
-- may not be a list of strings, as only one annotation is displayed. If omitted, it is derived from the category
-- spec(s) by taking the last category (if more than one is given) and removing ' POS' before keyword substitution.
local declprops = {}
-- Return the default masculine animate nominative plural ending(s) given `base` and `stems`. This is called for hard
-- and soft masculines ending in a consonant, but not for nouns ending in a vowel, which have their own defaults
-- (particularly nouns in -a, where -ista/-ita/-asta behave differently from other nouns in -a).
local function default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems)
return
-- [monosyllabic words: Dánové, Irové, králové, mágové, Rusové, sokové, synové, špehové, zběhové, zeťové, manové, danové
-- (but Žid → Židé, Čech → Češi).] -- There are too many exceptions to this to make a special rule. It is better to use
-- the overall default of -i and require that cases with -ove, -ove/-i, -i/-ove, etc. use overrides.
-- com.is_monosyllabic(base.lemma) and "ové" or
-- terms in -cek/-ček; order of -ové vs. -i sometimes varies:
-- [[fracek]] (ové/i), [[klacek]] (i/ové), [[macek]] (ové/i), [[nácek]] (i/ové), [[prcek]] (ové/i), [[racek]] (ové/i);
-- [[bazilišek]] (i/ové), [[černoušek]] (i/ové), [[drahoušek]] (ové/i), [[fanoušek]] (i/ové), [[františek]] (an/inan,
-- ends in -i/-y but not -ové), [[koloušek]] (-i only), [[kulíšek]] (i/ové), [[oříšek]] (i/ové), [[papoušek]] (-i only),
-- [[prášek]] (i/ové), [[šašek]] (i/ové).
-- make sure to check `stems` as we don't want to include non-reducible words in -cek/-ček/-šek (but do want to include
-- [[quarterback]], with -i/-ové)
rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*[cčš]k$") and {"i", "ové"} or
-- barmani, gentlemani, jazzmani, kameramani, narkomani, ombudsmani, pivotmani, rekordmani, showmani, supermani, toxikomani
rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*man$") and "i" or
-- terms ending in -an after a palatal or a consonant that doesn't change when palatalized, i.e. labial or l (but -man
-- forms -mani unless in a proper noun): Brňan → Brňané, křesťan → křesťané, měšťan → měšťané, Moravan → Moravané,
-- občan → občané, ostrovan → ostrované, Pražan → Pražané, Slovan → Slované, svatebčan → svatebčané, venkovan → venkované,
-- Australan → Australané; some late formations pluralize this way but don't have a palatal consonant preceding the -an,
-- e.g. [[pohan]], [[Oděsan]]; these need manual overrides
rfind(base.lemma, "[" .. com.inherently_soft .. com.labial .. "l]an$") and {"é", "i"} or -- most now can also take -i
-- proper names: Baťové, Novákové, Petrové, Tomášové, Vláďové; exclude demonyms (but include surnames)
rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) and (base.surname or not rfind(base.lemma, "[eě]c$")) and "ové" or
-- demonyms: [[Albánec]], [[Gruzínec]], [[Izraelec]], [[Korejec]], [[Libyjec]], [[Litevec]], [[Němec]], [[Portugalec]]
rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c .. ".*[eě]c$") and "i" or
-- From here on down, we're dealing only with lowercase terms.
-- buditelé, budovatelé, čekatelé, činitelé, hostitelé, jmenovatelé, pisatelé, ručitelé, velitelé, živitelé
rfind(base.lemma, ".*tel$") and "é" or
-- nouns in -j: čaroděj → čarodějové, lokaj → lokajové, patricij → patricijové, plebej → plebejové, šohaj → šohajové, žokej → žokejové
-- nouns in -l: apoštol → apoštolové, břídil → břídilové, fňukal → fňukalové, hýřil → hýřilové, kutil → kutilové,
-- loudal → loudalové, mazal → mazalové, škrabal → škrabalové, škudlil → škudlilové, vyvrhel → vyvrhelové, žvanil → žvanilové
-- (we excluded those in -tel above)
rfind(base.lemma, ".*[jl]$") and "ové" or
-- archeolog → archeologové, biolog → biologové, geolog → geologové, meteorolog → meteorologové
rfind(base.lemma, ".*log$") and "ové" or
-- dramaturg → dramaturgové, chirurg → chirurgové
rfind(base.lemma, ".*urg$") and "ové" or
-- fotograf → fotografové, geograf → geografové, lexikograf → lexikografové
rfind(base.lemma, ".*graf$") and "ové" or
-- bibliofil → bibliofilové, germanofil → germanofilové
rfind(base.lemma, ".*fil$") and "ové" or
-- rusofob → rusofobové
rfind(base.lemma, ".*fob$") and "ové" or
-- agronom → agronomové, ekonom → ekonomové
rfind(base.lemma, ".*nom$") and "ové" or
"i"
end
decls["hard-m"] = function(base, stems)
-- Nouns ending in hard -c, e.g. [[hec]] "joke", [[kibuc]] "kibbutz", don't palatalize.
base.palatalize_voc = not rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "c$")
base.hard_c = true
local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$")
-- See [https://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/en/?id=360] on declension of toponyms.
local toponym = base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c)
-- Some toponyms take -a in the genitive singular, e.g. toponyms in -ín ([[Zlín]], [[Jičín]], [[Berlín]]);
-- -ýn ([[Hostýn]], [[Londýn]]); -ov ([[Havířov]]); and -ev ([[Bezdrev]]), as do some others, e.g. domestic
-- [[Beroun]], [[Brandýs]], [[Náchod]], [[Tábor]] and foreign [[Betlém]] "Bethlehem", [[Egypt]],
-- [[Jeruzalém]] "Jerusalem", [[Milán]] "Milan", [[Řím]] "Rome", [[Rýn]] "Rhine". Also some transferred from
-- common nouns e.g. ([[Nový]]) [[Kostel]], ([[Starý]]) [[Rybník]].
local toponym_gen_a = toponym and (rfind(base.lemma, "[íý]n$") or rfind(base.lemma, "[oe]v$"))
-- Toponyms in -ík (Mělník, Braník, Rakovník, Lipník) seem to fluctuate between gen -a and -u. Also some in
-- ‑štejn, ‑berg, ‑perk, ‑burk, ‑purk (Rabštejn, Heidelberg, Kašperk, Hamburk, Prešpurk) and some others:
-- Zbiroh, Kamýk, Příbor, Zábřeh, Žebrák, Praděd.
local toponym_gen_a_u = toponym and rfind(base.lemma, "ík$")
-- Toponyms that take -a in the genitive singular tend to take -ě in the locative singular; so do those in
-- -štejn (Rabštejn), -hrad (Petrohrad), -grad (Volgograd).
local toponym_loc_e = toponym and (toponym_gen_a or rfind(base.lemma, "štejn$") or rfind(base.lemma, "[gh]rad$"))
-- Toponyms in -ík seem to fluctuate between loc -ě and -u.
local toponym_loc_e_u = toponym_gen_a_u
-- Inanimate gen_s in -a other than toponyms in -ín/-ýn/-ev/-ov (e.g. [[zákon]] "law", [[oběd]] "lunch", [[kostel]] "church",
-- [[dnešek]] "today", [[leden]] "January", [[trujúhelník]] "triangle") needs to be given manually, using '<gena>'.
local gen_s = toponym_gen_a and "a" or toponym_gen_a_u and {"a", "u"} or base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or "a"
-- Animates with dat_s only in -u (e.g. [[člověk]] "person", [[Bůh]] "God") need to give this manually,
-- using '<datu>'.
local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"}
-- Inanimates with loc_s in -e/ě other than certain toponyms (see above) need to give this manually, using <locě>, but
-- it will trigger the second palatalization automatically.
local loc_s = toponym_loc_e and "ě" or toponym_loc_e_u and {"ě", "u"} or dat_s
-- Velar-stem animates with voc_s in -e (e.g. [[Bůh]] "God", voc_s 'Bože'; [[člověk]] "person", voc_s 'člověče')
-- need to give this manually using <voce>; it will trigger the first palatalization automatically.
local voc_s = velar and "u" or "e" -- 'e' will trigger first palatalization in apply_special_cases()
-- Nom_p in -i will trigger second palatalization in apply_special_cases().
local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "y" or default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems)
-- Per IJP and Janda and Townsend:
-- * loc_p in -ích is currently the default for velars but not otherwise; it will automatically trigger the second
-- palatalization (e.g. [[práh]] "threshold", loc_p 'prazích'). Otherwise, -ích needs to be given manually using
-- <locplích>, e.g. [[les]] "forest"; [[hotel]] "hotel"; likewise for loc_p in -ách (e.g. [[plech]]
-- "metal plate"), using <locplách>.
-- * Inanimate hard nouns in -c normally have -ech: [[hec]] "joke", [[tác]] "tray", [[truc]], [[kec]], [[frc]],
-- [[flanc]], [[kibuc]] "kibbutz", [[pokec]] "chat".
-- In the IJP tables, inanimate reducible nouns in -ček (and most in -cek, although there are many fewer; also some
-- in -žek, but in this case it's too inconsistent to make the default) regularly have both -ích and -ách in the
-- locative plural, while similar animate nouns only have -ích. This applies even to nouns like [[háček]] and
-- [[koníček]] that can be either animate or inanimate. Make sure to exclude nouns in -ck such as [[comeback]] and
-- [[joystick]], which have only -ích.
local loc_p =
base.animacy == "inan" and rfind(base.lemma, "[cč]ek$") and rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "[cč]k$") and {"ích", "ách"} or
velar and "ích" or "ech"
add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, dat_s, nil, voc_s, loc_s, "em",
-- loc_p in -ích not after velar stems (e.g. [[les]] "forest"; [[hotel]] "hotel") needs to be given manually
-- using <locplích>; it will automatically trigger the second palatalization; loc_p in -ách (e.g. [[plech]]
-- "metal plate") also needs to be given manually using <locplách>
nom_p, "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y")
end
declprops["hard-m"] = {
desc = function(base, stems)
if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then
return "velar GENDER"
else
return "hard GENDER"
end
end,
cat = function(base, stems)
if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then
return "velar-stem"
else
return "hard"
end
end
}
decls["semisoft-m"] = function(base, stems)
-- Examples:
-- * Animate in -ius: génius, nuncius, nonius (breed of horse), notárius, ordinárius, patricius, primárius,
-- pronuncius, various names
-- * Animate in -eus: farizeus, basileus, pygmeus ([[skarabeus]] inflects hard in the plural), various names
-- * Inanimate in -ius: nonius (measuring device), rádius, sestercius
-- NOTE: Inanimate nouns in -eus (nukleus, choreus) inflect hard in the plural
local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"}
local loc_s = dat_s
local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or "ové"
add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "e", loc_s, "em",
nom_p, "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i")
end
declprops["semisoft-m"] = {
cat = "semisoft"
}
decls["soft-m"] = function(base, stems)
base.palatalize_voc = true
-- animates with dat_s only in -i need to give this manually, using '<dati>'
local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "i" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "i"}
local loc_s = dat_s
-- Per IJP, the vast majority of soft masculine animates take -i in the voc_s, but those in -ec/-ěc take -e with first
-- palatalization to -če, e.g. [[otec]] "father", [[lovec]] "hunter", [[blbec]] "fool, idiot", [[horolezec]]
-- "mountaineer", [[znalec]] "expert", [[chlapec]] "boy", [[nadšenec]] "enthusiast", [[luněc]] (type of bird).
-- Demonyms but not surnames ending in -ec but beginning with a capital letter take either -e or -i (only the former
-- triggers the first palatalization). Examples: [[Portugalec]], [[Slovinec]] "Slovenian", [[Japonec]], [[Vietnamec]].
-- Not [[Kadlec]] (surname).
local voc_s = base.animacy == "an" and rfind(base.lemma, "[eě]c$") and stems.reducible and
(not base.surname and rfind(base.lemma, "^" .. com.uppercase_c) and {"e", "i"} or "e") or "i"
local nom_p = base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or default_masc_animate_nom_pl(base, stems)
-- nouns with loc_p in -ech (e.g. [[cíl]] "goal") need to give this manually, using <locplech>
add_decl(base, stems, "e", dat_s, nil, voc_s, loc_s, "em",
nom_p, "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i")
end
declprops["soft-m"] = {
cat = "soft"
}
decls["mixed-m"] = function(base, stems)
-- NOTE: IJP tends to list the soft endings first, but per their section on this
-- (https://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/en/?id=220), the hard endings tend to predominate in modern use, so we list them
-- first.
if base.animacy == "an" then
if rfind(base.lemma, "l$") then
-- [[anděl]] "angel", [[manžel]] "husband", [[strašpytel]] "coward"; 'strašpytel' has a different declension
-- from the other two, with more soft forms. [[manžel]] has plural in -é or -ové and needs an override.
local dat_s = base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "u"}
local loc_s = dat_s
add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "i", loc_s, "em",
"é", "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"})
else
-- -s/-z: rorýs, platýs, pilous, markýz, všekaz, stávkokaz, penězokaz, listokaz, dřevokaz, zrnokaz, boss.
-- Others recently moving towards this declension: primas, karas, kalous, konipas, ibis, chabrus, chuďas,
-- kakabus, kliďas, kandrdas, morous, vágus.
-- Some names: Alois, Mánes.
-- Both hard and soft endings throughout. Most have -i and -ové in the nominative plural.
local dat_s = base.surname and "ovi" or {"u", "i", "ovi"}
local loc_s = dat_s
add_decl(base, stems, {"a", "e"}, dat_s, nil, {"e", "i"}, loc_s, "em",
{"i", "ové"}, "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"})
end
else
-- Given in IJP: burel, hnědel, chmel, krevel, kužel, námel, plevel, tmel, zádrhel, apríl, artikul, koukol, rubl,
-- úběl, plus reducible nouns cumel, chrchel, [[kotel]] "cauldron", sopel, uhel. Also [[městys]]. Many of them are listed in the
-- IJP tables with only hard or with fewer soft forms, so need to be investigated individually.
if rfind(base.lemma, "[ls]$") then
add_decl(base, stems, {"u", "e"}, {"u", "i"}, nil, {"e", "i"}, {"u", "e", "i"}, "em",
{"y", "e"}, "ů", "ům", {"y", "e"}, {"ech", "ích"}, {"y", "i"})
else
-- -n/-t; hard in the plural: hřeben, ječmen, [[kámen]] "stone", kmen, kořen, křemen, plamen,
-- [[pramen]] "source", [[řemen]] "strap", den, týden, [[loket]] "elbow".
-- There may be deviations (e.g. soft plural forms for [[den]]), so need to be investigated individually.
add_decl(base, stems, {"u", "e"}, {"u", "i"}, nil, "i", {"u", "i"}, "em",
"y", "ů", "ům", "y", "ech", "y")
end
end
end
declprops["mixed-m"] = {
cat = "mixed"
}
decls["a-m"] = function(base, stems)
-- husita → husité, izraelita → izraelité, jezuita → jezuité, kosmopolita → kosmopolité, táborita → táborité
-- fašista → fašisté, filatelista → filatelisté, fotbalista → fotbalisté, kapitalista → kapitalisté,
-- marxista → marxisté, šachista → šachisté, terorista → teroristé. NOTE: most these words actually appear in
-- the IJP tables with -é/-i, so we go accordingly.
--
-- gymnasta → gymnasté, fantasta → fantasté; also chiliasta, orgiasta, scholiasta, entuziasta, dynasta, ochlasta,
-- sarkasta, vymasta; NOTE: Only 'gymnasta' actually given with just -é; 'fantasta' with -ové/-é, 'dynasta' and
-- 'ochlasta' with just -ové, vymasta not in IJP (no plural given in SSJC), and the rest with -é/-i. So we go
-- accordingly.
local it_ist = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "is?t$") or rfind(stems.vowel_stem, "ast$")
-- Velar nouns (e.g. [[sluha]] "servant") have -ích in the loc_p (which triggers the second palatalization)
-- instead of -ech. Nouns whose stem ends in a soft consonant ([[rikša]], [[paša]], [[bača]], [[mahárádža]],
-- [[paňáca]], etc.) behave likewise.
-- FIXME: [[pária]] "pariah", [[Maria]] etc.
local loc_p =
(rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") or rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.inherently_soft_c .. "$")) and
"ích" or "ech"
add_decl(base, stems, "y", "ovi", "u", "o", "ovi", "ou",
it_ist and {"é", "i"} or "ové", "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y")
end
declprops["a-m"] = {
cat = "GENPOS in -a"
}
decls["e-m"] = function(base, stems)
-- [[zachránce]] "savior"; [[soudce]] "judge"; etc.
-- At least two inanimates: [[průvodce]] "guide, guidebook; computing wizard"; [[správce]] "manager (software program), configuration program"
local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "i" or base.surname and "ovi" or {"ovi", "i"}
local loc_s = dat_s
add_decl(base, stems, "e", dat_s, nil, "-", loc_s, "em",
-- nouns with -ové as well (e.g. [[soudce]] "judge") will need to specify that manually, e.g. <nompli:ové>
base.animacy == "inan" and "e" or "i", "ů", "ům", "e", "ích", "i")
end
declprops["e-m"] = {
cat = "GENPOS in -e"
}
decls["i-m"] = function(base, stems)
-- [[kivi]] "kiwi (bird)"; [[kuli]] "coolie"; [[lori]] "lory, lorikeet (bird)" (loc_pl 'loriech/loriích/lorich');
-- [[vini]] "parrot of the genus Vini"; [[yetti]]/[[yeti]] "yeti". other examples: [[aguti]], [[efendi]], [[hadži]],
-- [[pekari]], [[regenschori]], [[yetti]]/[[yeti]].
--
-- [[grizzly]]/[[grizly]] "grizzly bear"; [[pony]] "pony"; [[husky]] "husky"; [[dandy]] "dandy"; [[Billy]] "billy".
--
-- NOTE: Some nouns in -y are regular soft stems, e.g. [[gay]] "gay person"; [[gray]] "gray (unit of absorbed
-- radiation)"; [[Nagy]] (surname).
--
-- NOTE: The stem ends in -i/-y.
add_decl(base, stems, "ho", "mu", nil, "-", "m", "m",
-- ins_pl 'kivii/kivimi'
{"ové", ""}, {"ů", "ch"}, {"ům", "m"}, {"e", ""}, {"ích", "ch"}, {"i", "mi"})
end
declprops["i-m"] = {
cat = "GENPOS in -i/-y"
}
decls["í-m"] = function(base, stems)
-- [[kádí]] "qadi (Islamic judge)", [[mahdí]] "Mahdi (Islamic prophet)", [[muftí]] "mufti (Islamic scholar)",
-- [[sipáhí]] "sipahi (Algerian cavalryman in the French army)"
--
-- No obvious examples in -ý, but the support is there.
--
-- NOTE: The stem ends in -í/-ý.
add_decl(base, stems, "ho", "mu", nil, "-", "m", "m",
{"ové", ""}, {"ů", "ch"}, {"ům", "m"}, {"e", ""}, "ích", "mi")
end
declprops["í-m"] = {
cat = "GENPOS in -í/-ý"
}
decls["ie-m"] = function(base, stems)
-- [[zombie]] "zombie" (also fem/neut), [[hippie]] "hippie", [[yuppie]] "yuppie", [[rowdie]] "rowdy/hooligan"
--
-- NOTE: The stem ends in -i (not -ie, because of the plural).
add_decl(base, stems, "eho", "emu", nil, "-", "em", "em",
{"ové", "es"}, {"ů", "es"}, {"ům", "es"}, {"e", "es"}, {"ích", "es"}, {"i", "es"})
end
declprops["ie-m"] = {
cat = "GENPOS in -ie"
}
decls["o-m"] = function(base, stems)
-- [[kápo]] "head, leader"; [[lamželezo]] "strongman"; [[torero]] "bullfighter"; [[žako]] "African gray parrot";
-- [[dingo]] "dingo"; [[kakapo]] "kakapo" (given in Wiktionary with dat_s/loc_s in -ovi only not -ovi/-u; probably
-- wrong but not in IJP); [[maestro]] "maestro"; [[Bruno]] "Bruno", [[Hugo]] "Hugo"; [[Ivo]] "Yves" (these names
-- are singular-only per IJP); [[Kvido]] "Guido, Guy" (per IJP has accusative in -a or -ona); [[Oto]] "Otto" (per
-- IJP also declinable like virile -a masculines; singular-only); [[Kuřátko]] (a surname; how declined?);
-- [[Picasso]] (surname; how declined?); [[Pluto]] "Pluto (God)", also "Pluto (planet)", which is inanimate;
-- [[Samo]]/[[Sámo]] "Samo (7th century Slavic ruler)" (dat_s/loc_s only in -ovi, needs override); [[Tomio]]
-- "Tomio (Japanese male given name)" (how declined?); [[nemakačenko]] "idler, loafer" (given in Wiktionary with
-- dat_s/loc_s in -ovi only, as for [[kakapo]]); [[nefachčenko]] "idler, loafer"; note also [[gadžo]] "gadjo",
-- which has a unique declension.
--
-- Velar nouns ([[žako]], [[dingo]], etc.) have -ích in the loc_p (which triggers the second palatalization)
-- instead of -ech.
local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$")
-- inanimates e.g. [[Pluto]] (planet) have -u only, like for normal hard masculines.
local dat_s = base.animacy == "inan" and "u" or base.surname and "ovi"or {"ovi", "u"}
local loc_s = dat_s
local loc_p = velar and "ích" or "ech"
add_decl(base, stems, "a", dat_s, nil, "-", loc_s, "em",
"ové", "ů", "ům", "y", loc_p, "y")
end
declprops["o-m"] = {
cat = "GENPOS in -o"
}
decls["u-m"] = function(base, stems)
-- [[emu]] "emu", [[guru]] "guru", [[kakadu]] "cockatoo", [[marabu]] "marabou" (declined the same way)
-- [[Osamu]] "Osamu (Japanese male given name)" [how declined?]
-- [[Višnu]] "Vishnu" (declined like [[guru]] but singular-only)
-- [[budižkničemu]] "good-for-nothing, ne'er-do-well" (indeclinable in the singular, declinable as masculine hard stem
-- budižkničemové etc. in the plural, declinable as feminine hard stem budižkničemy etc. in the plural when feminine).
--
-- NOTE: The stem ends in -u.
add_decl(base, stems, "a", "ovi", nil, "-", "ovi", "em",
"ové", "ů", "ům", "y", "ech", "y")
end
declprops["u-m"] = {
cat = "GENPOS in -u"
}
decls["tstem-m"] = function(base, stems)
-- E.g. [[kníže]] "prince", [[hrabě]] "earl", [[markrabě]] "margrave".
add_decl(base, stems, "ete", "eti", "ete", "-", "eti", "etem",
"ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty")
end
declprops["tstem-m"] = {
cat = "t-stem"
}
decls["hard-f"] = function(base, stems)
base.no_palatalize_c = true
-- [[skica]] "sketch", [[gejša]] "geisha", [[rikša]] "rickshaw (vehicle)"; [[arakača]], [[čača]], [[čiča]] (drink),
-- [[dača]] "dacha", [[gutaperča]] "guttapercha", [[viskača]]; [[babča]], [[číča]], [[káča]], [[mamča]], [[úča]].
-- Also appears to apply to ď (e.g. [[Naďa]]) and ť, as well as certain words with stems in -ň and -j (e.g. [[Táña]],
-- [[doňa]], [[Darja]], [[Troja]]/[[Trója]]), which normally have a mixed declension.
local dat_s = rfind(base.vowel_stem, "[cčšžďťjň]$") and {"ě", "i"} or "ě"
local loc_s = dat_s
add_decl(base, stems, "y", dat_s, "u", "o", loc_s, "ou",
"y", "", "ám", "y", "ách", "ami")
end
declprops["hard-f"] = {
cat = "hard"
}
decls["soft-f"] = function(base, stems)
-- This also includes feminines in -ie, e.g. [[belarie]], [[signorie]], [[uncie]], and feminines in -oe, e.g.
-- [[kánoe]], [[aloe]] and medical terms like [[dyspnoe]], [[apnoe]], [[hemoptoe]], [[kalanchoe]].
-- Nouns in -ice like [[ulice]] "street" have null genitive plural e.g. 'ulic'; nouns in -yně e.g. [[přítelkyně]]
-- "girlfriend" have gen pl 'přítelkyň' or 'přítelkyní' with two possible endings; otherwise -í. (Alternation between
-- -ň and -n and between -e and -ě handled automatically by combine_stem_ending().)
local gen_p = rfind(base.lemma, "ice$") and "" or rfind(base.lemma, "yně$") and {"", "í"} or "í"
-- Vocative really ends in -e, not just a copy of the nominative; cf. [[sinfonia]], which is soft-f except for
-- the nominative and has -e in the vocative singular.
add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "i", "e", "i", "í",
"e", gen_p, "ím", "e", "ích", "emi")
end
declprops["soft-f"] = {
cat = "soft"
}
decls["mixed-f"] = function(base, stems)
-- Lowercase nouns in -ňa (e.g. bárišňa/báryšňa, doňa, dueňa, piraňa, vikuňa) and -ja (e.g. maracuja, papája, sója).
-- Does not appear to apply to proper nouns (e.g. [[Táňa]] "Tanya", [[Darja]] "Daria", [[Troja]]/[[Trója]] "Troy",
-- which usually decline like [[gejša]], [[dača]], [[skica]]).
add_decl(base, stems, {"i", "e"}, {"e", "i"}, "u", "o", {"e", "i"}, "ou",
{"i", "e"}, {"", "í"}, {"ám", "ím"}, {"i", "e"}, {"ách", "ích"}, {"ami", "emi"})
end
declprops["mixed-f"] = {
cat = "mixed"
}
decls["cons-f"] = function(base, stems)
-- e.g. [[dlaň]] "palm (of the hand)"
add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í",
"e", "í", "ím", "e", "ích", "emi")
end
declprops["cons-f"] = {
cat = "soft zero-ending"
}
decls["istem-f"] = function(base, stems)
add_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í",
-- See above under apply_special_cases(); -E causes depalatalization of ť/ď/ň.
"i", "í", "Em", "i", "Ech", "mi")
end
declprops["istem-f"] = {
cat = "i-stem"
}
decls["mixed-istem-f"] = function(base, stems)
local gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p
-- Use of ě vs E below is intentional. Contrast [[oběť]] dat pl 'obětem' (depalatalizing) with [[nit]] ins pl
-- 'nitěmi' (palatalizing). See comment above under apply_special_cases().
if base.mixedistem == "pěst" then
-- pěst, past, mast, lest [reducible; ins pl 'lstmi'], pelest, propust, plst, oběť, zeď [reducible; ins pl
-- 'zdmi'], paměť [ins pl 'pamětmi/paměťmi]
gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", {"ím", "Em"}, {"ích", "Ech"}, "mi"
elseif base.mixedistem == "moc" then
-- moc, nemoc, pomoc, velmoc; NOTE: pravomoc has -i/-e alternation in gen_s, nom_p
gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", {"Em", "ím"}, {"Ech", "ích"}, "ěmi"
elseif base.mixedistem == "myš" then
-- myš, veš [reducible, ins pl vešmi], hruď, měď, pleť, spleť, směs, smrt, step, odpověď [ins pl 'odpověď'mi/odpovědmi'], šeď,
-- závěť [ins pl 'závěťmi/závětmi'], plsť [ins pl 'plstmi']
gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", "ím", "ích", "mi"
elseif base.mixedistem == "noc" then
-- lež [reducible], noc, mosaz, rez [reducible], ves [reducible], mysl, sůl, běl, žluť
gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "i", "i", "ím", "ích", "ěmi"
elseif base.mixedistem == "žluč" then
-- žluč, moč, modř, čeleď, kapraď, záď, žerď, čtvrť/čtvrt, drť, huť, chuť, nit, pečeť, závrať, pouť, stať, ocel
gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"i", "ě"}, {"i", "ě"}, "ím", "ích", "ěmi"
elseif base.mixedistem == "loď" then
-- loď, suť
gen_s, nom_p, dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"i", "ě"}, {"i", "ě"}, "ím", "ích", {"ěmi", "mi"}
else
error(("Unrecognized value '%s' for 'mixedistem', should be one of 'pěst', 'moc', 'myš', 'noc', 'žluč' or 'loď'"):
format(base.mixedistem))
end
add_decl(base, stems, gen_s, "i", "-", "i", "i", "í",
nom_p, "í", dat_p, nom_p, loc_p, ins_p)
end
declprops["mixed-istem-f"] = {
-- Include subtype in the table description but not in the category to avoid too many categories.
desc = function(base, stems)
return ("mixed i-stem [type '%s'] GENDER"):format(base.mixedistem)
end,
cat = function(base, stems)
return {"mixed i-stem", ("mixed i-stem GENPOS (type '%s')"):format(base.mixedistem)}
end,
}
decls["i-f"] = function(base, stems)
-- [[máti]] "mother" (singular-only), [[pramáti]] "foremother"; very similar to the 'noc' mixed i-stem type
add_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i", "í",
"i", "í", "ím", "i", "ích", "ěmi")
end
declprops["i-f"] = {
cat = "GENPOS in -i"
}
decls["ea-f"] = function(base, stems)
-- Stem ends in -e.
if base.tech then
-- diarea, gonorea, chorea, nauzea, paleogea, seborea, trachea
add_decl(base, stems, "y", "i", "u", "o", "i", "ou",
"y", "í", {"ám", "ím"}, "y", {"ách", "ích"}, "ami")
else
-- idea, odysea ("wandering pilgrimage"), orchidea, palea, spirea
-- proper names Galilea, Judea, Caesarea, Korea, Odyssea ("epic poem")
add_decl(base, stems, {"y", "je"}, "ji", "u", "o", "ji", {"ou", "jí"},
{"y", "je"}, "jí", {"ám", "jím"}, {"y", "je"}, {"ách", "jích"}, {"ami", "jemi"})
end
end
declprops["ea-f"] = {
cat = function(base, stems)
if base.tech then
return {"GENPOS in -ea", "technical GENPOS in -ea"}
else
return "GENPOS in -ea"
end
end
}
decls["oa-f"] = function(base, stems)
-- Stem ends in -o/-u.
-- stoa, kongrua; proper names Samoa, Managua, Nikaragua, Capua
add_decl(base, stems, "y", "i", "u", "o", "i", "ou",
"y", "í", "ám", "y", "ách", "ami")
end
declprops["oa-f"] = {
cat = "GENPOS in -oa/-ua"
}
decls["ia-f"] = function(base, stems)
-- Stem ends in -i.
-- belaria, signoria, uncia; paranoia, sinfonia;
-- proper names Alexandria, Alexia, Livia, Monrovia, Olympia, Sofia
-- Identical to soft declension except for nom sg.
decls["soft-f"](base, stems)
end
declprops["ia-f"] = {
cat = "GENPOS in -ia"
}
decls["hard-n"] = function(base, stems)
local velar = rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$")
-- NOTE: Per IJP it appears the meaning of the preceding preposition makes a difference: 'o' = "about" takes
-- '-u' or '-ě', while 'na/v' = "in, on" normally takes '-ě'.
local loc_s =
-- Exceptions: [[mléko]] "milk" ('mléku' or 'mléce'), [[břicho]] "belly" ('břiše' or (less often) 'břichu'),
-- [[roucho]] ('na rouchu' or 'v rouše'; why the difference in preposition?).
velar and "u" or
-- IJP says nouns in -dlo take only -e but the declension tables show otherwise. It appears -u is possible
-- but significantly less common. Other nouns in -lo usually take just -e ([[čelo]] "forehead",
-- [[kolo]] "wheel", [[křeslo]] "armchair", [[máslo]] "butter", [[peklo]] "hell", [[sklo]] "glass",
-- [[světlo]] "light", [[tělo]] "body"; but [[číslo]] "number' with -e/-u; [[zlo]] "evil" and [[kouzlo]] "spell"
-- with -u/-e).
rfind(base.lemma, "dlo$") and {"ě", "u"} or
rfind(base.lemma, "lo$") and "ě" or
(rfind(base.lemma, "[sc]tvo$") or rfind(base.lemma, "ivo$")) and "u" or
-- Per IJP: Borrowed words and abstracts take -u (e.g. [[banjo]]/[[bendžo]]/[[benžo]] "banjo", [[depo]] "depot",
-- [[chladno]] "cold", [[mokro]] "damp, dampness", [[právo]] "law, right", [[šeru]] "twilight?",
-- [[temno]] "dark, darkness", [[tempo]] "rate, tempo", [[ticho]] "quiet, silence", [[vedro]] "heat") and others
-- often take -ě/-u. Formerly we defaulted to -ě/-u but it seems better to default to just -u, similarly to hard
-- masculines.
-- {"ě", "u"}
"u"
local loc_p =
-- Note, lemmas in -isko also have mixed-reducible as default, handled in determine_default_reducible().
-- Note also, ending -ích triggers the second palatalization.
rfind(base.lemma, "isko$") and {"ích", "ách"} or
-- Diminutives in -ko, -čko, -tko; also [[lýtko]], [[děcko]], [[vrátka]], [[dvířka]], [[jho]], [[roucho]],
-- [[tango]], [[mango]], [[sucho]], [[blaho]], [[víko]], [[echo]], [[embargo]], [[largo]], [[jericho]] (from
-- IJP). Also foreign nouns in -kum: [[antibiotikum]], [[narkotikum]], [[afrodiziakum]], [[analgetikum]], etc.
-- [[jablko]] "apple" has '-ách' or '-ích' and needs an override; likewise for [[vojsko]] "troop"; [[riziko]]
-- "risk" normally has '-ích' and needs and override.
velar and "ách" or
"ech"
add_decl(base, stems, "a", "u", "-", "-", loc_s, "em",
"a", "", "ům", "a", loc_p, "y")
-- FIXME: paired body parts e.g. [[rameno]] "shoulder" (gen_p/loc_p 'ramenou/ramen'), [[koleno]] "knee"
-- (gen_p/loc_p 'kolenou/kolen'), [[prsa]] "chest, breasts" (plurale tantum; gen_p/loc_p 'prsou').
-- FIXME: Nouns with both neuter and feminine forms in the plural, e.g. [[lýtko]] "calf (of the leg)",
-- [[bedro]] "hip", [[vrátka]] "gate".
end
declprops["hard-n"] = {
desc = function(base, stems)
if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then
return "velar GENDER"
else
return "hard GENDER"
end
end,
cat = function(base, stems)
if rfind(stems.vowel_stem, com.velar_c .. "$") then
return "velar-stem"
else
return "hard"
end
end
}
decls["semisoft-n"] = function(base, stems)
-- Examples:
-- * In -ao: [[kakao]] "cacao", [[makao]] "Macao (gambling card game, see Wikipedia)", [[curaçao]] "curaçao (liqueur)"
-- (IJP gives gen pl 'curaç' but ASSC [https://slovnikcestiny.cz/heslo/cura%C3%A7ao/0/9967] says 'curaçí' as expected),
-- [[farao]] "faro (card game)"; also [[Makao]], [[Pathet Lao]], but these are sg-only
-- * In -eo: [[stereo]], [[rodeo]], [[video]], [[solideo]]; also [[Borneo]], [[Montevideo]], but these are sg-only
-- * In -io: [[rádio]] "radio", [[gramorádio]], [[studio]], [[scenário]], [[trio]], [[ážio]] (also spelled [[agio]]),
-- [[disážio]], [[folio]], [[vibrio]]; also [[arpeggio]], [[adagio]], [[capriccio]], [[solfeggio]] although
-- pronounced the Italian way without /i/; also [[Ohio]], [[Ontario]], [[Tokio]], but these are sg-only
-- * In -uo: only [[duo]]
-- * In -yo: only [[embryo]]
-- * In -eum: [[muzeum]], [[lyceum]], [[linoleum]], [[ileum]], etc.
-- * In -ium: [[atrium]] "atrium", most chemical elements, etc.
-- * In -ion: [[enkómion]] "encomium", [[eufonion]] (variant of [[eufonium]]), [[amnion]], [[ganglion]], [[gymnasion]],
-- [[scholion]], [[kritérion]] (rare for [[kritérium]]), [[onomatopoion]] (variant of [[onomatopoie]]),
-- [[symposion]], [[synedrion]]; also [[Byzantion]], but this is sg-only; most words in -ion are masculine
-- Hard in the singular, mostly soft in the plural. Those in -eo and -uo have alternative hard endings in the
-- dat/loc/ins pl, but not those in -eum. Those in -ao have only hard endings except in the gen pl. (There are
-- apparently no neuters in -eon; those in -eon e.g. [[akordeon]], [[neon]], [[nukleon]] are masculine.)
local dat_p, loc_p, ins_p
if rfind(base.user_specified_lemma, "ao$") then
dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "ům", "ech", "y"
elseif rfind(base.user_specified_lemma, "[eu]o$") then
dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = {"ím", "ům"}, {"ích", "ech"}, {"i", "y"}
else
dat_p, loc_p, ins_p = "ím", "ích", "i"
end
add_decl(base, stems, "a", "u", "-", "-", "u", "em",
"a", "í", dat_p, "a", loc_p, ins_p)
end
declprops["semisoft-n"] = {
cat = "semisoft"
}
decls["soft-n"] = function(base, stems)
-- Examples: [[moře]] "sea", [[slunce]] "sun", [[srdce]] "heart", [[citoslovce]] "interjection",
-- [[dopoledne]] "late morning", [[odpoledne]] "afternoon", [[hoře]] "sorrow, grief" (archaic or literary),
-- [[inhalace]] "inhalation", [[kafe]] "coffee", [[kanape]] "sofa", [[kutě]] "bed", [[Labe]] "Elbe (singular only)",
-- [[líce]] "cheek", [[lože]] "bed", [[nebe]] "sky; heaven", [[ovoce]] "fruit", [[pole]] "field", [[poledne]]
-- "noon", [[příslovce]] "adverb", [[pukrle]] "curtsey" (also t-n), [[vejce]] "egg" (NOTE: gen pl 'vajec').
--
-- Many nouns in -iště, with null genitive plural.
local gen_p = rfind(base.vowel_stem, "išť$") and "" or "í"
add_decl(base, stems, "e", "i", "-", "-", "i", "em",
"e", gen_p, "ím", "e", "ích", "i")
-- NOTE: Some neuter words in -e indeclinable, e.g. [[Belize]], [[Chile]], [[garde]] "chaperone", [[karaoke]],
-- [[karate]], [[re]] "double raise (card games)", [[ukulele]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[zombie]] (pl. 'zombie' or
-- 'zombies')
-- some nearly indeclinable, e.g. [[finále]], [[chucpe]]; see mostly-indecl below
end
declprops["soft-n"] = {
cat = "soft"
}
decls["í-n"] = function(base, stems)
-- [[nábřeží]] "waterfront" and a zillion others; also [[úterý]] "Tuesday".
-- NOTE: The stem ends in -í/-ý.
add_decl(base, stems, "", "", "-", "-", "", "m",
"", "", "m", "", "ch", "mi")
end
declprops["í-n"] = {
cat = "GENPOS in -í/-ý"
}
decls["n-n"] = function(base, stems)
-- E.g. [[břemeno]] "burden" (also [[břímě]], use 'decllemma:'); [[písmeno]] "letter"; [[plemeno]] "breed";
-- [[rameno]] "shoulder" (also [[rámě]], use 'decllemma:'); [[semeno]] "seed" (also [[sémě]], [[símě]], use
-- 'decllemma:'); [[temeno]] "crown (of the head)"; [[vemeno]] "udder"
add_decl(base, stems, {"a", "e"}, {"i", "u"}, "-", "-", {"ě", "i", "u"}, "em",
"a", "", "ům", "a", "ech", "y")
end
declprops["n-n"] = {
cat = "n-stem"
}
decls["tstem-n"] = function(base, stems)
-- E.g. [[batole]] "toddler", [[čuně]] "pig", [[daňče]] "fallow deer fawn", [[děvče]] "girl", [[ďouče]] "girl"
-- (dialectal), [[dítě]] "child" (NOTE: feminine in the plural [[děti]], declined as a feminine i-stem), [[dvojče]]
-- "twin", [[hádě]] "young snake", [[house]] "gosling", [[hříbě]] "foal" (pl. hříbata), [[jehně]] "lamb", [[kavče]]
-- "young jackdaw; chough", [[káče]] "duckling", [[káně]] "buzzard chick" (NOTE: also feminine meaning "buzzard"),
-- [[klíště]] "tick", [[kose]] "blackbird chick" (rare), [[kuře]] "chick (young chicken)", [[kůzle]]
-- "kid (young goat)", [[lišče]] "fox cub", [[lvíče]] "lion cub", [[medvídě]] "bear cub", [[mládě]] "baby animal",
-- [[morče]] "guinea pig", [[mrně]] "toddler", [[nemluvně]] "infant", [[novorozeně]] "newborn", [[orle]] "eaglet",
-- [[osle]] "donkey foal", [[pachole]] "boy (obsolete); page, squire", [[páže]] "page, squire", [[podsvinče]]
-- "suckling pig", [[prase]] "pig", [[prtě]] "toddler", [[ptáče]] "chick (young bird)",
-- [[robě]] "baby, small child", [[saranče]] "locust" (NOTE: also feminine), [[sele]] "piglet",
-- [[slůně]] "baby elephant", [[škvrně]] "toddler", [[štěně]] "puppy", [[tele]] "calf", [[velbloudě]] "camel colt",
-- [[vlče]] "wolf cub", [[vnouče]] "grandchild", [[vyžle]] "small hunting dog; slender person",
-- [[zvíře]] "animal, beast".
--
-- Some referring to inanimates, e.g. [[doupě]] "lair" (pl. doupata), [[koště]]/[[chvoště]] "broom", [[paraple]]
-- "umbrella", [[poupě]] "bud", [[pukrle]] "curtsey" (also soft-n), [[rajče]] "tomato", [[šuple]] "drawer",
-- [[varle]] "testicle", [[vole]] "craw (of a bird); goiter".
add_decl(base, stems, "ete", "eti", "-", "-", "eti", "etem",
"ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty")
end
declprops["tstem-n"] = {
cat = "t-stem"
}
decls["ma-n"] = function(base, stems)
-- E.g. [[drama]] "drama", [[dogma]] "dogma", [[aneurysma]]/[[aneuryzma]] "aneurysm", [[dilema]] "dilemma",
-- [[gumma]] "gumma" (non-cancerous syphilitic growth), [[klima]] "climate", [[kóma]] "coma", [[lemma]] "lemma",
-- [[melisma]] "melisma", [[paradigma]] "paradigm", [[plasma]]/[[plazma]] "plasma [partly ionized gas]"
-- (note [[plasma]]/[[plazma]] "blood plasma" is feminine), [[revma]] "rheumatism", [[schéma]] "schema, diagram",
-- [[schisma]]/[[schizma]] "schism", [[smegma]] "smegma", [[sofisma]]/[[sofizma]] "sophism", [[sperma]] "sperm",
-- [[stigma]] "stigma", [[téma]] "theme", [[trauma]] "trauma", [[trilema]] "trilemma", [[zeugma]] "zeugma".
add_decl(base, stems, "atu", "atu", "-", "-", "atu", "atem",
"ata", "at", "atům", "ata", "atech", "aty")
end
declprops["ma-n"] = {
cat = "ma-stem"
}
decls["adj"] = function(base, stems)
local props = {}
local propspec = table.concat(props, ".")
if propspec ~= "" then
propspec = "<" .. propspec .. ">"
end
local adj_alternant_multiword_spec = require("Module:cs-adjective").do_generate_forms({base.lemma .. propspec})
local function copy(from_slot, to_slot)
base.forms[to_slot] = adj_alternant_multiword_spec.forms[from_slot]
end
if base.number ~= "pl" then
if base.gender == "m" then
copy("nom_m", "nom_s")
copy("gen_mn", "gen_s")
copy("dat_mn", "dat_s")
copy("loc_mn", "loc_s")
copy("ins_mn", "ins_s")
elseif base.gender == "f" then
copy("nom_f", "nom_s")
copy("gen_f", "gen_s")
copy("dat_f", "dat_s")
copy("acc_f", "acc_s")
copy("loc_f", "loc_s")
copy("ins_f", "ins_s")
else
copy("nom_n", "nom_s")
copy("gen_mn", "gen_s")
copy("dat_mn", "dat_s")
copy("acc_n", "acc_s")
copy("loc_mn", "loc_s")
copy("ins_mn", "ins_s")
end
if not base.forms.voc_s then
iut.insert_forms(base.forms, "voc_s", base.forms.nom_s)
end
end
if base.number ~= "sg" then
if base.gender == "m" then
if base.animacy == "an" then
copy("nom_mp_an", "nom_p")
else
copy("nom_fp", "nom_p")
end
copy("acc_mfp", "acc_p")
elseif base.gender == "f" then
copy("nom_fp", "nom_p")
copy("acc_mfp", "acc_p")
else
copy("nom_np", "nom_p")
copy("acc_np", "acc_p")
end
copy("gen_p", "gen_p")
copy("dat_p", "dat_p")
copy("ins_p", "ins_p")
copy("loc_p", "loc_p")
end
end
local function get_stemtype(base)
if rfind(base.lemma, "ý$") then
return "hard"
elseif rfind(base.lemma, "í$") then
return "soft"
else
return "possessive"
end
end
declprops["adj"] = {
cat = function(base, stems)
return {"adjectival POS", get_stemtype(base) .. " GENDER adjectival POS"}
end,
}
decls["mostly-indecl"] = function(base, stems)
-- Several neuters: E.g. [[finále]] "final (sports)", [[čtvrtfinále]] "quarterfinal", [[chucpe]] "chutzpah",
-- [[penále]] "fine, penalty", [[promile]] "" (NOTE: loc pl also promilech), [[rande]] "rendezvous", [[semifinále]]
-- "semifinal", [[skóre]] "score".
-- At least one masculine animate: [[kamikaze]]/[[kamikadze]], where IJP says only -m in the ins sg.
local ins_s = base.gender == "m" and "m" or {"-", "m"}
add_decl(base, stems, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", ins_s,
"-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-")
end
declprops["mostly-indecl"] = {
cat = "mostly indeclinable"
}
decls["indecl"] = function(base, stems)
-- Indeclinable. Note that fully indeclinable nouns should not have a table at all rather than one all of whose forms
-- are the same; but having an indeclinable declension is useful for nouns that may or may not be indeclinable, e.g.
-- [[desatero]] "group of ten" or the plural of [[peso]], which may be indeclinable 'pesos'.
add_decl(base, stems, "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-",
"-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-")
end
declprops["indecl"] = {
cat = function(base, stems)
if base.adj then
return {"adjectival POS", "indeclinable adjectival POS", "indeclinable GENDER adjectival POS"}
else
return {"indeclinable POS", "indeclinable GENPOS"}
end
end
}
decls["manual"] = function(base, stems)
-- Anything declined manually using overrides. We don't set any declensions except the nom_s (or nom_p if plurale
-- tantum).
add(base, base.number == "pl" and "nom_p" or "nom_s", stems, "-")
end
declprops["manual"] = {
desc = "GENDER",
cat = {},
}
local function set_pron_defaults(base)
if base.gender or base.lemma ~= "ona" and base.number or base.animacy then
error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for pronouns")
end
local function pron_props()
-- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC.
if base.lemma == "kdo" then
return "none", "sg", "an", false
elseif base.lemma == "co" then
return "none", "sg", "inan", false
elseif base.lemma == "já" or base.lemma == "ty" then
return "none", "sg", "an", true
elseif base.lemma == "my" or base.lemma == "vy" then
return "none", "pl", "an", false
elseif base.lemma == "on" then
return "m", "sg", "none", true
elseif base.lemma == "ono" then
return "n", "sg", "inan", true
elseif base.lemma == "oni" then
return "m", "pl", "an", false
elseif base.lemma == "ony" then
return "none", "pl", "none", false
elseif base.lemma == "ona" then
if base.number ~= "sg" and base.number ~= "pl" then
error("Must specify '.sg' or '.pl' with lemma 'ona'")
end
if base.number == "sg" then
return "f", "sg", "none", false
else
return "n", "pl", "inan", false
end
elseif base.lemma == "sebe" then
return "none", "none", "none", true
else
error(("Unrecognized pronoun '%s'"):format(base.lemma))
end
end
local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = pron_props()
base.gender = gender
base.user_specified_gender = gender
base.number = number
base.animacy = animacy
base.has_clitic = has_clitic
end
decls["pron"] = function(base, stems)
local after_prep_footnote = "[after a preposition]"
if base.lemma == "kdo" then
add_decl(base, stems, "koho", "komu", nil, nil, "kom", "kým")
elseif base.lemma == "co" then
add_decl(base, stems, "čeho", "čemu", nil, nil, "čem", "čím")
elseif base.lemma == "já" then
add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "mne", "mě", "mně", "mi", nil, nil, nil, "mně", "mnou")
elseif base.lemma == "ty" then
add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "tebe", "tě", "tobě", "ti", nil, nil, nil, "tobě", "tebou")
elseif base.lemma == "my" then
add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "nás", "nám", "nás", "nás", "námi")
elseif base.lemma == "vy" then
add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "vás", "vám", "vás", "vás", "vámi")
elseif base.lemma == "on" or base.lemma == "ono" then
local acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"jeho", "jej"} or "je"
local clitic_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"jej", "ho"} or "je"
local prep_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and {"něho", "něj"} or "ně"
local prep_clitic_acc_s = base.lemma == "on" and "-ň" or nil
add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "jeho", "ho", "jemu", "mu", acc_s, clitic_acc_s, nil, nil, "jím")
add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "něho", nil, "němu", nil, prep_acc_s, prep_clitic_acc_s, nil, "něm", "ním",
after_prep_footnote)
elseif base.lemma == "ona" and base.number == "sg" then
add_sg_decl(base, stems, "jí", "jí", "ji", nil, nil, "jí")
add_sg_decl(base, stems, "ní", "ní", "ni", nil, "ní", "ní", after_prep_footnote)
elseif base.lemma == "oni" or base.lemma == "ony" or base.lemma == "ona" then
add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "jich", "jim", "je", nil, "jimi")
add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "nich", "nim", "ně", "nich", "nimi", after_prep_footnote)
elseif base.lemma == "sebe" then
-- Underlyingly we handle [[sebe]]'s slots as singular.
add_sg_decl_with_clitic(base, stems, "sebe", "sebe", "sobě", "si", "sebe", "se", nil, "sobě", "sebou",
nil, "no nom_s")
else
error(("Internal error: Unrecognized pronoun lemma '%s'"):format(base.lemma))
end
end
declprops["pron"] = {
desc = "GENDER pronoun",
cat = {},
}
local function set_num_defaults(base)
if base.gender or base.number or base.animacy then
error("Can't specify gender, number or animacy for numeral")
end
local function num_props()
-- Return values are GENDER, NUMBER, ANIMACY, HAS_CLITIC.
return "none", "pl", "none", false
end
local gender, number, animacy, has_clitic = num_props()
base.gender = gender
base.user_specified_gender = gender
base.number = number
base.animacy = animacy
base.has_clitic = has_clitic
end
local function determine_numeral_stems(base)
if base.stem_sets then
error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with numerals")
end
local stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$") or base.lemma
base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = stem, nonvowel_stem = stem}}
base.decl = "num"
end
decls["num"] = function(base, stems)
local after_prep_footnote = "[after a preposition]"
if base.lemma == "dva" or base.lemma == "dvě" then
-- in compound numbers; stem is dv-
add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ou", "ěma", "-", "ou", "ěma")
elseif base.lemma == "tři" or base.lemma == "čtyři" then
-- stem is without -i
local is_three = base.lemma == "tři"
add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, is_three and "í" or "", "em", "-", "ech", is_three and "emi" or "mi")
add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ech", nil, nil, nil, nil, "[colloquial]")
add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, nil, nil, nil, nil, is_three and "ema" or "ma",
"[when modifying a form ending in ''-ma'']")
elseif base.lemma == "devět" then
add_pl_only_decl(base, "", "devíti", "devíti", "-", "devíti", "devíti", stems.footnotes)
elseif base.lemma == "sta" or base.lemma == "stě" or base.lemma == "set" then
add_pl_only_decl(base, "", "set", "stům", "-", "stech", "sty", stems.footnotes)
elseif rfind(base.lemma, "[cs]et$") then
-- [[deset]] and all numbers ending in -cet ([[dvacet]], [[třicet]], [[čtyřicet]] and inverted compound
-- numerals such as [[pětadvacet]] "25" and [[dvaatřicet]] "32")
local begin = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)et$")
add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i")
add_pl_only_decl(base, begin, "íti", "íti", "-", "íti", "íti", stems.footnotes)
elseif rfind(base.lemma, "oje$") then
-- [[dvoje]], [[troje]]
-- stem is without -e
add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ích", "ím", "-", "ích", "ími")
elseif rfind(base.lemma, "ery$") then
-- [[čtvery]], [[patery]], [[šestery]], [[sedmery]], [[osmery]], [[devatery]], [[desatery]]
-- stem is without -y
add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "ých", "ým", "-", "ých", "ými")
else
add_pl_only_decl(base, stems, "i", "i", "-", "i", "i")
end
end
declprops["num"] = {
desc = "GENDER numeral",
cat = {},
}
local function fetch_footnotes(separated_group)
local footnotes
for j = 2, #separated_group - 1, 2 do
if separated_group[j + 1] ~= "" then
error("Extraneous text after bracketed footnotes: '" .. table.concat(separated_group) .. "'")
end
if not footnotes then
footnotes = {}
end
table.insert(footnotes, separated_group[j])
end
return footnotes
end
--[=[
Parse a single override spec (e.g. 'nomplé:ové' or 'ins:autodráhou:autodrahou[rare]') and return
two values: the slot(s) the override applies to, and an object describing the override spec.
The input is actually a list where the footnotes have been separated out; for example,
given the spec 'inspl:čobotami:čobotámi[rare]:čobitmi[archaic]', the input will be a list
{"inspl:čobotami:čobotámi", "[rare]", ":čobitmi", "[archaic]", ""}. The object returned
for 'ins:autodráhou:autodrahou[rare]' looks like this:
{
full = true,
values = {
{
form = "autodráhou"
},
{
form = "autodrahou",
footnotes = {"[rare]"}
}
}
}
The object returned for 'nomplé:ové' looks like this:
{
values = {
{
form = "é",
},
{
form = "ové",
}
}
}
]=]
local function parse_override(segments)
local retval = {values = {}}
local part = segments[1]
local slots = {}
while true do
local case = usub(part, 1, 3)
if cases[case] then
-- ok
else
error(("Unrecognized case '%s' in override: '%s'"):format(case, table.concat(segments)))
end
part = usub(part, 4)
local slot
if rfind(part, "^pl") then
part = usub(part, 3)
slot = case .. "_p"
elseif rfind(part, "^cl") then
-- No plural clitic cases at this point.
part = usub(part, 3)
if clitic_cases[case] then
slot = "clitic_" .. case .. "_s"
else
error(("Unrecognized clitic case '%s' in override: '%s'"):format(case, table.concat(segments)))
end
else
slot = case .. "_s"
end
table.insert(slots, slot)
if rfind(part, "^%+") then
part = usub(part, 2)
else
break
end
end
if rfind(part, "^:") then
retval.full = true
part = usub(part, 2)
end
segments[1] = part
local colon_separated_groups = iut.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(segments, ":")
for i, colon_separated_group in ipairs(colon_separated_groups) do
local value = {}
local form = colon_separated_group[1]
if form == "" then
error(("Use - to indicate an empty ending for slot%s '%s': '%s'"):format(#slots > 1 and "s" or "", table.concat(slots), table.concat(segments)))
elseif form == "-" then
value.form = ""
else
value.form = form
end
value.footnotes = fetch_footnotes(colon_separated_group)
table.insert(retval.values, value)
end
return slots, retval
end
--[=[
Parse an indicator spec (text consisting of angle brackets and zero or more
dot-separated indicators within them). Return value is an object of the form
{
overrides = {
SLOT = {OVERRIDE, OVERRIDE, ...}, -- as returned by parse_override()
...
},
forms = {}, -- forms for a single spec alternant; see `forms` below
footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...}, -- may be missing
stems = { -- may be missing
{
reducible = TRUE_OR_FALSE,
footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...}, -- may be missing
-- The following fields are filled in by determine_stems()
vowel_stem = "STEM",
nonvowel_stem = "STEM",
oblique_slots = one of {nil, "gen_p", "all", "all-oblique"},
oblique_vowel_stem = "STEM" or nil (only needs to be set if oblique_slots is non-nil),
oblique_nonvowel_stem = "STEM" or nil (only needs to be set if oblique_slots is non-nil),
},
...
},
gender = "GENDER", -- "m", "f", "n"
number = "NUMBER", -- "sg", "pl"; may be missing
animacy = "ANIMACY", -- "inan", "an"; may be missing
hard = true, -- may be missing
soft = true, -- may be missing
mixed = true, -- may be missing
surname = true, -- may be missing
istem = true, -- may be missing
["-istem"] = true, -- may be missing
tstem = true, -- may be missing
nstem = true, -- may be missing
tech = true, -- may be missing
foreign = true, -- may be missing
mostlyindecl = true, -- may be missing
indecl = true, -- may be missing
manual = true, -- may be missing
adj = true, -- may be missing
decllemma = "DECLENSION-LEMMA", -- may be missing
declgender = "DECLENSION-GENDER", -- may be missing
-- The following additional fields are added by other functions:
orig_lemma = "ORIGINAL-LEMMA", -- as given by the user
orig_lemma_no_links = "ORIGINAL-LEMMA-NO-LINKS", -- links removed
lemma = "LEMMA", -- `orig_lemma_no_links`, converted to singular form if plural and lowercase if all-uppercase
forms = {
SLOT = {
{
form = "FORM",
footnotes = {"FOOTNOTE", "FOOTNOTE", ...} -- may be missing
},
...
},
...
},
decl = "DECL", -- declension, e.g. "hard-m"
vowel_stem = "VOWEL-STEM", -- derived from vowel-ending lemmas
nonvowel_stem = "NONVOWEL-STEM", -- derived from non-vowel-ending lemmas
}
]=]
local function parse_indicator_spec(angle_bracket_spec)
local inside = rmatch(angle_bracket_spec, "^<(.*)>$")
assert(inside)
local base = {overrides = {}, forms = {}}
if inside ~= "" then
local segments = iut.parse_balanced_segment_run(inside, "[", "]")
local dot_separated_groups = iut.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(segments, "%.")
for i, dot_separated_group in ipairs(dot_separated_groups) do
local part = dot_separated_group[1]
local case_prefix = usub(part, 1, 3)
if cases[case_prefix] then
local slots, override = parse_override(dot_separated_group)
for _, slot in ipairs(slots) do
if base.overrides[slot] then
error(("Two overrides specified for slot '%s'"):format(slot))
else
base.overrides[slot] = {override}
end
end
elseif part == "" then
if #dot_separated_group == 1 then
error("Blank indicator: '" .. inside .. "'")
end
base.footnotes = fetch_footnotes(dot_separated_group)
elseif rfind(part, "^[-*#ě]*$") or rfind(part, "^[-*#ě]*,") then
if base.stem_sets then
error("Can't specify reducible/vowel-alternant indicator twice: '" .. inside .. "'")
end
local comma_separated_groups = iut.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(dot_separated_group, ",")
local stem_sets = {}
for i, comma_separated_group in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do
local pattern = comma_separated_group[1]
local orig_pattern = pattern
local reducible, vowelalt, oblique_slots
if pattern == "-" then
-- default reducible, no vowel alt
else
local before, after
before, reducible, after = rmatch(pattern, "^(.-)(%-?%*)(.-)$")
if before then
pattern = before .. after
reducible = reducible == "*"
end
if pattern ~= "" then
if not rfind(pattern, "^##?ě?$") then
error("Unrecognized vowel-alternation pattern '" .. pattern .. "', should be one of #, ##, #ě or ##ě: '" .. inside .. "'")
end
if pattern == "#ě" or pattern == "##ě" then
vowelalt = "quant-ě"
else
vowelalt = "quant"
end
-- `oblique_slots` will be later changed to "all" if the lemma ends in a consonant.
if pattern == "##" or pattern == "##ě" then
oblique_slots = "all-oblique"
else
oblique_slots = "gen_p"
end
end
end
table.insert(stem_sets, {
reducible = reducible,
vowelalt = vowelalt,
oblique_slots = oblique_slots,
footnotes = fetch_footnotes(comma_separated_group)
})
end
base.stem_sets = stem_sets
elseif #dot_separated_group > 1 then
error("Footnotes only allowed with slot overrides, reducible or vowel alternation specs or by themselves: '" .. table.concat(dot_separated_group) .. "'")
elseif part == "m" or part == "f" or part == "n" then
if base.gender then
error("Can't specify gender twice: '" .. inside .. "'")
end
base.gender = part
elseif part == "sg" or part == "pl" then
if base.number then
error("Can't specify number twice: '" .. inside .. "'")
end
base.number = part
elseif part == "an" or part == "inan" then
if base.animacy then
error("Can't specify animacy twice: '" .. inside .. "'")
end
base.animacy = part
elseif part == "hard" or part == "soft" or part == "mixed" or part == "surname" or part == "istem" or
part == "-istem" or part == "tstem" or part == "nstem" or part == "tech" or part == "foreign" or
part == "mostlyindecl" or part == "indecl" or part == "pron" or part == "det" or part == "num" then
if base[part] then
error("Can't specify '" .. part .. "' twice: '" .. inside .. "'")
end
base[part] = true
-- Allow 'hard' to signal that -y is allowed after -c, as in hard masculine nouns such as [[hec]]
-- "joke", and also feminines in -ca where the c is pronounced as /k/, e.g. [[ayahuasca]], [[pororoca]],
-- [[Petrarca]], [[Mallorca]], [[Casablanca]]. (Contrast [[mangalica]], [[Kusturica]], [[Bjelica]],
-- where the c is pronounced as /ts/ and -y is disallowed.)
if part == "hard" then
base.hard_c = true
end
elseif part == "+" then
if base.adj then
error("Can't specify '+' twice: '" .. inside .. "'")
end
base.adj = true
elseif part == "!" then
if base.manual then
error("Can't specify '!' twice: '" .. inside .. "'")
end
base.manual = true
elseif rfind(part, "^mixedistem:") then
if base.mixedistem then
error("Can't specify 'mixedistem:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'")
end
base.mixedistem = rsub(part, "^mixedistem:", "")
elseif rfind(part, "^decllemma:") then
if base.decllemma then
error("Can't specify 'decllemma:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'")
end
base.decllemma = rsub(part, "^decllemma:", "")
elseif rfind(part, "^declgender:") then
if base.declgender then
error("Can't specify 'declgender:' twice: '" .. inside .. "'")
end
base.declgender = rsub(part, "^declgender:", "")
else
error("Unrecognized indicator '" .. part .. "': '" .. inside .. "'")
end
end
end
return base
end
local function is_regular_noun(base)
return not base.adj and not base.pron and not base.det and not base.num
end
local function set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(base)
-- Set default values.
local regular_noun = is_regular_noun(base)
if base.pron or base.det then
set_pron_defaults(base)
elseif base.num then
set_num_defaults(base)
elseif not base.adj then
if not base.gender then
if base.manual then
base.gender = "none"
else
error("For nouns, gender must be specified")
end
end
base.number = base.number or "both"
base.animacy = base.animacy or "inan"
base.user_specified_gender = base.gender
base.user_specified_animacy = base.animacy
if base.declgender then
if base.declgender == "m-an" then
base.gender = "m"
base.animacy = "an"
elseif base.declgender == "m-in" then
base.gender = "m"
base.animacy = "inan"
elseif base.declgender == "f" or base.declgender == "n" then
base.gender = base.declgender
else
error(("Unrecognized value '%s' for 'declgender', should be 'm-an', 'm-in', 'f' or 'n'"):format(base.declgender))
end
end
end
-- Check for bad indicator combinations.
if (base.hard and 1 or 0) + (base.soft and 1 or 0) + (base.mixed and 1 or 0) > 1 then
error("At most one of 'hard', 'soft' and 'mixed' can be specified")
end
if base.istem and base["-istem"] then
error("'istem' and '-istem' cannot be specified together")
end
if (base.istem or base["-istem"]) then
if base.gender ~= "f" then
error("'istem' and '-istem' can only be specified with the feminine gender")
end
if not regular_noun then
error("'istem' and '-istem' can only be specified with regular nouns")
end
end
if base.declgender and not regular_noun then
error("'declgender' can only be specified with regular nouns")
end
end
local function set_all_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(alternant_multiword_spec)
local is_multiword = #alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs > 1
iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base)
set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(base)
base.multiword = is_multiword -- FIXME: not currently used; consider deleting
alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic = alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic or base.has_clitic
if base.pron then
alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron = true
else
alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_pron = true
end
if base.det then
alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det = true
else
alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_det = true
end
if base.num then
alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num = true
else
alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_num = true
end
end)
end
local function undo_second_palatalization(base, word, is_adjective)
local function try(from, to)
local stem = rmatch(word, "^(.*)" .. from .. "$")
if stem then
return stem .. to
end
return nil
end
return is_adjective and try("št", "sk") or
is_adjective and try("čt", "ck") or
try("c", "k") or -- FIXME, this could be wrong and c correct
try("ř", "r") or
try("z", "h") or -- FIXME, this could be wrong and z or g correct
try("š", "ch") or
word
end
-- For a plural-only lemma, synthesize a likely singular lemma. It doesn't have to be
-- theoretically correct as long as it generates all the correct plural forms.
local function synthesize_singular_lemma(base)
if not base.stem_sets then
base.stem_sets = {{}}
end
local lemma_determined
-- Loop over all stem sets in case the user specified multiple ones (e.g. '*,-*'). If we try to reconstruct
-- different lemmas for different stem sets, we'll throw an error below.
for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do
local stem, lemma
while true do
if base.indecl then
-- If specified as indeclinable, leave it alone; e.g. 'pesos' indeclinable plural of [[peso]].
lemma = base.lemma
break
elseif base.gender == "m" then
if base.animacy == "an" then
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)i$")
if stem then
if base.soft then
-- [[Blíženci]] "Gemini"
-- Since the nominative singular has no ending.
lemma = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem, ending)
else
lemma = undo_second_palatalization(base, stem)
end
else
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)ové$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$")
if stem then
-- [[manželé]] "married couple", [[Velšané]] "Welsh people"
lemma = stem
else
error(("Animate masculine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -i, -ové or -é"):format(base.lemma))
end
end
else
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)y$")
if stem then
-- [[droby]] "giblets"; [[tvarůžky]] "Olomouc cheese"; [[alimenty]] "alimony"; etc.
lemma = stem
else
local ending
stem, ending = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)([eě])$")
if stem then
-- [[peníze]] "money", [[tvargle]] "Olomouc cheese" (mixed declension), [[údaje]] "data",
-- [[Lazce]] (a village), [[lováče]] "money", [[Krkonoše]] "Giant Mountains", [[kříže]] "clubs"
lemma = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem, ending)
if not base.mixed then
base.soft = true
end
else
error(("Inanimate masculine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -y, -e or -ě"):format(base.lemma))
end
end
end
if stems.reducible == nil then
if rfind(lemma, com.cons_c .. "[ck]$") and not com.is_monosyllabic(base.lemma) then
stems.reducible = true
end
if stems.reducible then
lemma = dereduce(lemma)
end
end
break
elseif base.gender == "f" then
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)y$")
if stem then
lemma = stem .. "a"
break
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[eě]$")
if stem then
-- Singular like the plural. Cons-stem feminines like [[dlaň]] "palm (of the hand)" have identical
-- plurals to soft-stem feminines like [[růže]] (modulo e/ě differences), so we don't need to
-- reconstruct the former type.
lemma = base.lemma
break
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)i$")
if stem then
-- i-stems.
lemma = stem
base.istem = true
break
end
error(("Feminine plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -y, -ě, -e or -i"):format(base.lemma))
elseif base.gender == "n" then
-- -ata nouns like [[slůně]] "baby elephant" nom pl 'slůňata' are declined in the plural same as if
-- the singular were 'slůňato' so we don't have to worry about them.
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)a$")
if stem then
lemma = stem .. "o"
break
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[eěí]$")
if stem then
-- singular lemma also in -e, -ě or -í; e.g. [[věčná loviště]] "[[happy hunting ground]]"
lemma = base.lemma
break
end
error(("Neuter plural-only lemma '%s' should end in -a, -í, -ě or -e"):format(base.lemma))
else
error(("Internal error: Unrecognized gender '%s'"):format(base.gender))
end
end
if lemma_determined and lemma_determined ~= lemma then
error(("Attempt to set two different singular lemmas '%s' and '%s'"):format(lemma_determined, lemma))
end
lemma_determined = lemma
end
base.lemma = lemma_determined
end
-- For an adjectival lemma, synthesize the masc singular form.
local function synthesize_adj_lemma(base)
local stem
if base.indecl then
base.decl = "indecl"
stem = base.lemma
else
local gender, number
local function sub_ov(stem)
stem = stem:gsub("ov$", "ův")
return stem
end
while true do
if base.number == "pl" then
if base.gender == "m" then
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$")
if stem then
if base.soft then
-- nothing to do
else
if base.animacy ~= "an" then
error(("Masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -í can only be animate unless '.soft' is specified"):
format(base.lemma))
end
base.lemma = undo_second_palatalization(base, stem, "is adjective") .. "ý"
end
break
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$")
if stem then
if base.animacy == "an" then
error(("Masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -é must be inanimate"):
format(base.lemma))
end
base.lemma = stem .. "ý"
break
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)i$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)i$")
if stem then
if base.animacy ~= "an" then
error(("Masculine plural-only possessive adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -i must be animate"):
format(base.lemma))
end
base.lemma = sub_ov(stem)
break
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)y$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)y$")
if stem then
if base.animacy == "an" then
error(("Masculine plural-only possessive adjectival lemma '%s' ending in -y must be inanimate"):
format(base.lemma))
end
base.lemma = sub_ov(stem)
break
end
if base.animacy == "an" then
error(("Animate masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -í, -ovi or -ini"):
format(base.lemma))
elseif base.soft then
error(("Soft masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -í"):format(base.lemma))
else
error(("Inanimate masculine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -ovy or -iny"):
format(base.lemma))
end
elseif base.gender == "f" then
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$") -- hard adjective
if stem then
base.lemma = stem .. "ý"
break
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") -- soft adjective
if stem then
break
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)y$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)y$") -- possessive adjective
if stem then
base.lemma = sub_ov(stem)
break
end
error(("Feminine plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -í, -ovy or -iny"):format(base.lemma))
else
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)á$") -- hard adjective
if stem then
base.lemma = stem .. "ý"
break
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$") -- soft adjective
if stem then
break
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)a$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)a$") -- possessive adjective
if stem then
base.lemma = sub_ov(stem)
break
end
error(("Neuter plural-only adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -á, -í, -ova or -ina"):format(base.lemma))
end
else
if base.gender == "m" then
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[ýí]$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)ův$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)in$")
if stem then
break
end
error(("Masculine adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -ý, -í, -ův or -in"):format(base.lemma))
elseif base.gender == "f" then
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)á$")
if stem then
base.lemma = stem .. "ý"
break
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$")
if stem then
break
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)a$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)a$")
if stem then
base.lemma = sub_ov(stem)
break
end
error(("Feminine adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -á, -í, -ova or -ina"):format(base.lemma))
else
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)é$")
if stem then
base.lemma = stem .. "ý"
break
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)í$")
if stem then
break
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*ov)o$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*in)o$")
if stem then
base.lemma = sub_ov(stem)
break
end
error(("Neuter adjectival lemma '%s' should end in -é, -í, -ovo or -ino"):format(base.lemma))
end
end
end
base.decl = "adj"
end
-- Now set the stem sets if not given.
-- Now set the stem sets if not given.
if not base.stem_sets then
base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false}}
end
for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do
-- Set the stems.
stems.vowel_stem = stem
stems.nonvowel_stem = stem
end
end
-- Determine the declension based on the lemma, gender and number. The declension is set in base.decl. In the process,
-- we set either base.vowel_stem (if the lemma ends in a vowel) or base.nonvowel_stem (if the lemma does not end in a
-- vowel), which is used by determine_stems(). In some cases (specifically with certain foreign nouns), we set
-- base.lemma to a new value; this is as if the user specified 'decllemma:'.
local function determine_declension(base)
if base.mostlyindecl then
base.decl = "mostly-indecl"
base.nonvowel_stem = base.lemma
return
end
if base.indecl then
base.decl = "indecl"
base.nonvowel_stem = base.lemma
return
end
-- Determine declension
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)a$")
if stem then
if base.gender == "m" then
if base.animacy ~= "an" then
error("Masculine lemma in -a must be animate")
end
base.decl = "a-m"
elseif base.gender == "f" then
if base.hard then
-- e.g. [[doňa]], which seems not to have soft alternates as [[piraňa]] does (despite IJP; but see the note at the
-- bottom)
base.decl = "hard-f"
elseif rfind(stem, "e$") then
-- [[idea]], [[diarea]] (subtype '.tech'), [[Korea]], etc.
base.decl = "ea-f"
elseif rfind(stem, "i$") then
-- [[signoria]], [[sinfonia]], [[paranoia]], etc.
base.decl = "ia-f"
elseif rfind(stem, "[ou]$") then
-- [[stoa]], [[kongrua]], [[Samoa]], [[Nikaragua]], etc.
base.decl = "oa-f"
elseif rfind(stem, "^" .. com.lowercase_c .. ".*[ňj]$") then
-- [[maracuja]], [[papája]], [[sója]]; [[piraňa]] etc. Not [[Táňa]], [[Darja]], [[Troja]]/[[Trója]], which decline
-- like [[gejša]], [[skica]], etc. (subtype of hard feminines).
base.decl = "mixed-f"
else
base.decl = "hard-f"
end
elseif base.gender == "n" then
if rfind(stem, "m$") then
base.decl = "ma-n"
else
error("Lemma ending in -a and neuter must end in -ma")
end
end
base.vowel_stem = stem
return
end
local ending
stem, ending = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)([eě])$")
if stem then
if ending == "ě" then
stem = com.convert_paired_plain_to_palatal(stem)
end
if base.gender == "m" then
if base.foreign then
-- [[software]] and similar English-derived nouns with silent -e; set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given
base.lemma = stem
base.nonvowel_stem = stem
base.decl = "hard-m"
return
end
if base.tstem then
if base.animacy ~= "an" then
error("T-stem masculine lemma in -e must be animate")
end
base.decl = "tstem-m"
elseif rfind(stem, "i") then
-- [[zombie]], [[hippie]], [[yuppie]], [[rowdie]]
base.decl = "ie-m"
else
base.decl = "e-m"
end
elseif base.gender == "f" then
base.decl = "soft-f"
else
if base.tstem then
base.decl = "tstem-n"
else
base.decl = "soft-n"
end
end
base.vowel_stem = stem
return
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)o$")
if stem then
if base.gender == "m" then
-- Cf. [[maestro]] m.
base.decl = "o-m"
elseif base.gender == "f" then
-- [[zoo]]; [[Žemaitsko]]?
error("Feminine nouns in -o are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed")
elseif base.nstem then
base.decl = "n-n"
elseif base.hard then
base.decl = "hard-n"
elseif rfind(stem, "[aeiuy]$") then
-- These have gen pl in -í and often other soft plural endings.
base.decl = "semisoft-n"
else
base.decl = "hard-n"
end
base.vowel_stem = stem
return
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*[iy])$")
if stem then
if base.gender == "m" then
if base.soft then
-- [[gay]] "gay man", [[gray]] "gray (scientific unit)", [[Nagy]] (surname)
base.decl = "soft-m"
else
-- Cf. [[kivi]] "kiwi (bird)", [[husky]] "kusky", etc.
base.decl = "i-m"
end
elseif base.gender == "f" then
if base.soft then
-- [[Uruguay]], [[Paraguay]]
base.decl = "soft-f"
else
-- [[máti]], [[pramáti]]; note also indeclinable [[tsunami]]/[[cunami]], [[okapi]]
base.decl = "i-f"
if stem:find("i$") then
stem = stem:gsub("i$", "")
else
error("Feminine nouns in -y are either soft or indeclinable; use '.soft' or '.indecl' as needed")
end
end
else
error("Neuter nouns in -i are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed")
end
base.vowel_stem = stem
return
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*u)$")
if stem then
if base.gender == "m" then
-- Cf. [[emu]], [[guru]], etc.
base.decl = "u-m"
elseif base.gender == "f" then
-- Only one I know is [[budižkničemu]], which is indeclinable in the singular and declines in the plural as
-- if written 'budižkničema'.
error("Feminine nouns in -u are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed")
else
error("Neuter nouns in -u are indeclinable; use '.indecl' if needed")
end
base.vowel_stem = stem
return
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*[íý])$")
if stem then
if base.gender == "m" then
base.decl = "í-m"
elseif base.gender == "f" then
-- FIXME: Do any exist? If not, update this message.
error("Support for non-adjectival non-indeclinable feminine nouns in -í/-ý not yet implemented")
else
base.decl = "í-n"
end
base.vowel_stem = stem
return
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*" .. com.cons_c .. ")$")
if stem then
if base.gender == "m" then
if base.foreign then
-- [[komunismus]] "communism", [[kosmos]] "cosmos", [[hádes]] "Hades"
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)[ueo]s$")
if not stem then
error("Unrecognized masculine foreign ending, should be -us, -es or -os")
end
if not base.hard and (rfind(stem, "[ei]$") and base.animacy == "an" or
rfind(stem, "i$") and base.animacy == "inan") then
-- [[genius]], [[basileus]], [[rádius]]; not [[nukleus]], [[choreus]] (inanimate); not
-- [[skarabeus]] (animate), which should specify 'hard'
base.decl = "semisoft-m"
else
base.decl = "hard-m"
end
-- set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given
base.lemma = stem
elseif base.hard then
base.decl = "hard-m"
elseif base.soft then
base.decl = "soft-m"
elseif base.mixed then
base.decl = "mixed-m"
elseif rfind(base.lemma, com.inherently_soft_c .. "$") or rfind(base.lemma, "tel$") then
base.decl = "soft-m"
else
base.decl = "hard-m"
end
elseif base.gender == "f" then
if base.mixedistem then
base.decl = "mixed-istem-f"
elseif base.istem then
base.decl = "istem-f"
elseif base["-istem"] then
base.decl = "cons-f"
elseif rfind(base.lemma, "st$") then
-- Numerous abstracts in -ost; also [[kost]], [[část]], [[srst]], [[bolest]]
base.decl = "istem-f"
else
base.decl = "cons-f"
end
elseif base.gender == "n" then
if base.foreign then
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)um$") or rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)on$")
if not stem then
error("Unrecognized neuter foreign ending, should be -um or -on")
end
if base.hard then
base.decl = "hard-n"
elseif rfind(stem, "[ei]$") then
base.decl = "semisoft-n"
else
base.decl = "hard-n"
end
-- set the lemma here as if decllemma: were given
base.lemma = stem .. "o"
base.vowel_stem = stem
return
else
error("Neuter nouns ending in a consonant should use '.foreign' or '.decllemma:...'")
end
end
base.nonvowel_stem = stem
return
end
error("Unrecognized ending for lemma: '" .. base.lemma .. "'")
end
-- Determine the default value for the 'reducible' flag.
local function determine_default_reducible(base)
-- Nouns in vowels other than -a/o as well as masculine nouns ending in all vowels don't have null endings so not
-- reducible. Note, we are never called on adjectival nouns.
if rfind(base.lemma, "[iyuíeě]$") or base.gender == "m" and rfind(base.lemma, "[ao]$") or base.tstem then
base.default_reducible = false
return
end
local stem
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*" .. com.cons_c .. ")$")
if stem then
-- When analyzing existing manual declensions in -ec and -ek, 290 were reducible vs. 23 non-reducible. Of these
-- 23, 15 were monosyllabic (and none of the 290 reducible nouns were monosyllabic) -- and two of these were
-- actually reducible but irregularly: [[švec]] "shoemaker" (gen sg 'ševce') and [[žnec]] "reaper (person)"
-- (gen sg. 'žence'). Of the remaining 8 multisyllabic non-reducible words, two were actually reducible but
-- irregularly: [[stařec]] "old man" (gen sg 'starce') and [[tkadlec]] "weaver" (gen sg 'tkalce'). The remaining
-- six consisted of 5 compounds of monosyllabic words: [[dotek]], [[oblek]], [[kramflek]], [[pucflek]],
-- [[pokec]], plus [[česnek]], which should be reducible but would lead to an impossible consonant cluster.
if base.gender == "m" and rfind(stem, "[eě][ck]$") and not com.is_monosyllabic(stem) then
base.default_reducible = true
elseif base.gender == "f" and rfind(stem, "[eě]ň$") then
-- [[pochodeň]] "torch", [[píseň]] "leather", [[žeň]] "harvest"; not [[reveň]] "rhubarb" or [[dřeň]] "pulp",
-- which need an override.
base.default_reducible = true
else
base.default_reducible = false
end
return
end
if base.number == "sg" then
base.default_reducible = false
return
end
if rfind(base.lemma, "isko$") then
-- e.g. [[středisko]]
base.default_reducible = "mixed"
return
end
stem = rmatch(base.lemma, "^(.*)" .. com.vowel_c .. "$")
if not stem then
error(("Internal error: Something wrong, lemma '%s' doesn't end in consonant or vowel"):format(base.lemma))
end
-- Substitute 'ch' with a single character to make the following code simpler.
stem = stem:gsub("ch", com.TEMP_CH)
if rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "[lr]" .. com.cons_c .. "$") then
-- [[vrba]], [[vlha]]; not reducible. (But note [[jablko]], reducible; needs override.)
base.default_reducible = false
elseif not base.foreign and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "[bkhlrmnv]$") then
base.default_reducible = true
elseif base.foreign and rfind(stem, com.cons_c .. "r$") then
-- Foreign nouns in -CCum seem generally non-reducible in the gen pl except for those in -Crum like [[centrum]],
-- Examples: [[album]], [[verbum]], [[signum]], [[interregnum]], [[sternum]]. [[infernum]] has gen pl 'infern/inferen'.
base.default_reducible = true
else
base.default_reducible = false
end
end
-- Determine the stems to use for each stem set: vowel and nonvowel stems, for singular
-- and plural. We assume that one of base.vowel_stem or base.nonvowel_stem has been
-- set in determine_declension(), depending on whether the lemma ends in
-- a vowel. We construct all the rest given the reducibility, vowel alternation spec and
-- any explicit stems given. We store the determined stems inside of the stem-set objects
-- in `base.stem_sets`, meaning that if the user gave multiple reducible or vowel-alternation
-- patterns, we will compute multiple sets of stems. The reason is that the stems may vary
-- depending on the reducibility and vowel alternation.
local function determine_stems(base)
if not base.stem_sets then
base.stem_sets = {{}}
end
-- Set default reducible and check for default mixed reducible, which needs to be expanded into two entries.
local default_mixed_reducible = false
for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do
if stems.reducible == nil then
stems.reducible = base.default_reducible
end
if stems.reducible == "mixed" then
default_mixed_reducible = true
end
end
if default_mixed_reducible then
local new_stem_sets = {}
for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do
if stems.reducible == "mixed" then
local non_reducible_copy = m_table.shallowcopy(stems)
non_reducible_copy.reducible = false
stems.reducible = true
table.insert(new_stem_sets, stems)
table.insert(new_stem_sets, non_reducible_copy)
else
table.insert(new_stem_sets, stems)
end
end
base.stem_sets = new_stem_sets
end
-- Now determine all the stems for each stem set.
for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do
local lemma_is_vowel_stem = not not base.vowel_stem
if base.vowel_stem then
stems.vowel_stem = base.vowel_stem
stems.nonvowel_stem = stems.vowel_stem
-- Apply vowel alternation first in cases like jádro -> jader; apply_vowel_alternation() will throw an error
-- if the vowel being modified isn't the last vowel in the stem.
stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.nonvowel_stem)
if stems.reducible then
stems.nonvowel_stem = dereduce(stems.nonvowel_stem)
stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = dereduce(stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem)
end
else
stems.nonvowel_stem = base.nonvowel_stem
-- The user specified #, #ě, ## or ##ě and we're dealing with a term like masculine [[bůh]] or feminine
-- [[sůl]] that ends in a consonant. In this case, all slots except the nom_s and maybe acc_s have vowel
-- alternation.
if stems.oblique_slots then
stems.oblique_slots = "all"
end
stems.oblique_nonvowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.nonvowel_stem)
if stems.reducible then
stems.vowel_stem = com.reduce(base.nonvowel_stem)
if not stems.vowel_stem then
error("Unable to reduce stem '" .. base.nonvowel_stem .. "'")
end
else
stems.vowel_stem = base.nonvowel_stem
end
end
stems.oblique_vowel_stem = com.apply_vowel_alternation(stems.vowelalt, stems.vowel_stem)
end
end
local function detect_indicator_spec(base)
if base.pron or base.det then
if base.stem_sets then
error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with pronouns and determiners")
end
base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = "", nonvowel_stem = ""}}
base.decl = base.pron and "pron" or "det"
elseif base.num then
determine_numeral_stems(base)
elseif base.adj then
synthesize_adj_lemma(base)
elseif base.manual then
if base.stem_sets then
-- FIXME, maybe this should be allowed?
error("Reducible and vowel alternation specs cannot be given with manual declensions")
end
base.stem_sets = {{reducible = false, vowel_stem = "", nonvowel_stem = ""}}
base.decl = "manual"
else
if base.number == "pl" then
synthesize_singular_lemma(base)
end
determine_declension(base)
determine_default_reducible(base)
determine_stems(base)
end
end
local function detect_all_indicator_specs(alternant_multiword_spec)
-- Keep track of all genders seen in the singular and plural so we can determine whether to add the term to
-- [[:Category:Czech nouns that change gender in the plural]].
alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders = {}
alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders = {}
iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base)
detect_indicator_spec(base)
if base.number ~= "pl" then
alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders[base.user_specified_gender] = true
end
if base.number ~= "sg" then
-- All t-stem masculines are neuter in the plural.
local plgender
if base.decl == "tstem-m" then
plgender = "n"
else
plgender = base.user_specified_gender
end
alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders[plgender] = true
end
end)
if (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron and 1 or 0) + (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det and 1 or 0) + (alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num and 1 or 0) > 1 then
error("Can't combine pronouns, determiners and/or numerals")
end
end
local propagate_multiword_properties
local function propagate_alternant_properties(alternant_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only)
local seen_property
for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_spec.alternants) do
propagate_multiword_properties(multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only)
if seen_property == nil then
seen_property = multiword_spec[property]
elseif multiword_spec[property] and seen_property ~= multiword_spec[property] then
seen_property = mixed_value
end
end
alternant_spec[property] = seen_property
end
propagate_multiword_properties = function(multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, nouns_only)
local seen_property = nil
local last_seen_nounal_pos = 0
local word_specs = multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs or multiword_spec.word_specs
for i = 1, #word_specs do
local is_nounal
if word_specs[i].alternants then
propagate_alternant_properties(word_specs[i], property, mixed_value)
is_nounal = not not word_specs[i][property]
elseif nouns_only then
is_nounal = is_regular_noun(word_specs[i])
else
is_nounal = not not word_specs[i][property]
end
if is_nounal then
if not word_specs[i][property] then
error("Internal error: noun-type word spec without " .. property .. " set")
end
for j = last_seen_nounal_pos + 1, i - 1 do
word_specs[j][property] = word_specs[j][property] or word_specs[i][property]
end
last_seen_nounal_pos = i
if seen_property == nil then
seen_property = word_specs[i][property]
elseif seen_property ~= word_specs[i][property] then
seen_property = mixed_value
end
end
end
if last_seen_nounal_pos > 0 then
for i = last_seen_nounal_pos + 1, #word_specs do
word_specs[i][property] = word_specs[i][property] or word_specs[last_seen_nounal_pos][property]
end
end
multiword_spec[property] = seen_property
end
local function propagate_properties_downward(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval)
local function set_and_fetch(obj, default)
local retval
if obj[property] then
retval = obj[property]
else
obj[property] = default
retval = default
end
if not obj["user_specified_" .. property] then
obj["user_specified_" .. property] = retval
end
return retval
end
local propval1 = set_and_fetch(alternant_multiword_spec, default_propval)
for _, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do
local propval2 = set_and_fetch(alternant_or_word_spec, propval1)
if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then
for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do
local propval3 = set_and_fetch(multiword_spec, propval2)
for _, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do
local propval4 = set_and_fetch(word_spec, propval3)
if propval4 == "mixed" then
-- FIXME, use clearer error message.
error("Attempt to assign mixed " .. property .. " to word")
end
set_and_fetch(word_spec, propval4)
end
end
else
if propval2 == "mixed" then
-- FIXME, use clearer error message.
error("Attempt to assign mixed " .. property .. " to word")
end
set_and_fetch(alternant_or_word_spec, propval2)
end
end
end
--[=[
Propagate `property` (one of "animacy", "gender" or "number") from nouns to adjacent
adjectives. We proceed as follows:
1. We assume the properties in question are already set on all nouns. This should happen in
set_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators().
2. We first propagate properties upwards and sideways. We recurse downwards from the top. When we encounter a multiword
spec, we proceed left to right looking for a noun. When we find a noun, we fetch its property (recursing if the noun
is an alternant), and propagate it to any adjectives to its left, up to the next noun to the left. When we have
processed the last noun, we also propagate its property value to any adjectives to the right (to handle e.g.
[[anděl strážný]] "guardian angel", where the adjective [[strážný]] should inherit the 'masculine' and 'animate'
properties of [[anděl]]). Finally, we set the property value for the multiword spec itself by combining all the
non-nil properties of the individual elements. If all non-nil properties have the same value, the result is that
value, otherwise it is `mixed_value` (which is "mixed" for animacy and gender, but "both" for number).
3. When we encounter an alternant spec in this process, we recursively process each alternant (which is a multiword
spec) using the previous step, and combine any non-nil properties we encounter the same way as for multiword specs.
4. The effect of steps 2 and 3 is to set the property of each alternant and multiword spec based on its children or its
neighbors.
]=]
local function propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval, mixed_value)
propagate_multiword_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, "nouns only")
propagate_multiword_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, property, mixed_value, false)
propagate_properties_downward(alternant_multiword_spec, property, default_propval)
end
local function determine_noun_status(alternant_multiword_spec)
for i, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do
if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then
local is_noun = false
for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do
for j, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do
if is_regular_noun(word_spec) then
multiword_spec.first_noun = j
is_noun = true
break
end
end
end
if is_noun then
alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun = i
end
elseif is_regular_noun(alternant_or_word_spec) then
alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun = i
return
end
end
end
-- Set the part of speech based on properties of the individual words.
local function set_pos(alternant_multiword_spec)
if alternant_multiword_spec.args.pos then
alternant_multiword_spec.pos = alternant_multiword_spec.args.pos
elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_pron and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_pron then
alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "pronoun"
elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_det and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_det then
alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "determiner"
elseif alternant_multiword_spec.saw_num and not alternant_multiword_spec.saw_non_num then
alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "numeral"
else
alternant_multiword_spec.pos = "noun"
end
alternant_multiword_spec.plpos = require("Module:string utilities").pluralize(alternant_multiword_spec.pos)
end
local function normalize_all_lemmas(alternant_multiword_spec, pagename)
iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base)
if base.lemma == "" then
base.lemma = pagename
end
base.orig_lemma = base.lemma
base.orig_lemma_no_links = m_links.remove_links(base.lemma)
local lemma = base.orig_lemma_no_links
-- If the lemma is all-uppercase, lowercase it but note this, so that later in combine_stem_ending() we convert it
-- back to uppercase. This allows us to handle all-uppercase acronyms without a lot of extra complexity.
-- FIXME: This may not make sense at all.
if uupper(lemma) == lemma then
base.all_uppercase = true
lemma = ulower(lemma)
end
base.user_specified_lemma = lemma
base.lemma = base.decllemma or lemma
end)
end
local function decline_noun(base)
for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do
if not decls[base.decl] then
error("Internal error: Unrecognized declension type '" .. base.decl .. "'")
end
decls[base.decl](base, stems)
end
handle_derived_slots_and_overrides(base)
end
local function get_variants(form)
return nil
--[=[
FIXME
return
form:find(com.VAR1) and "var1" or
form:find(com.VAR2) and "var2" or
form:find(com.VAR3) and "var3" or
nil
]=]
end
-- Compute the categories to add the noun to, as well as the annotation to display in the
-- declension title bar. We combine the code to do these functions as both categories and
-- title bar contain similar information.
local function compute_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec)
local all_cats = {}
local function insert(cattype)
m_table.insertIfNot(all_cats, "Czech " .. cattype)
end
if alternant_multiword_spec.pos == "noun" then
if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" then
insert("uncountable nouns")
elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then
insert("pluralia tantum")
end
end
local annotation
local annparts = {}
local decldescs = {}
local vowelalts = {}
local foreign = {}
local irregs = {}
local stemspecs = {}
local reducible = nil
local function get_genanim(gender, animacy)
local gender_code_to_desc = {
m = "masculine",
f = "feminine",
n = "neuter",
none = nil,
}
local animacy_code_to_desc = {
an = "animate",
inan = "inanimate",
none = nil,
}
local descs = {}
table.insert(descs, gender_code_to_desc[gender])
if gender ~= "f" and gender ~= "n" then
-- masculine or "none" (e.g. certain pronouns and numerals)
table.insert(descs, animacy_code_to_desc[animacy])
end
return table.concat(descs, " ")
end
local function trim(text)
text = text:gsub(" +", " ")
return mw.text.trim(text)
end
local function do_word_spec(base)
local actual_genanim = get_genanim(base.user_specified_gender, base.user_specified_animacy)
local declined_genanim = get_genanim(base.gender, base.animacy)
local genanim
if actual_genanim ~= declined_genanim then
genanim = ("%s (declined as %s)"):format(actual_genanim, declined_genanim)
insert("nouns with actual gender different from declined gender")
else
genanim = actual_genanim
end
if base.user_specified_gender == "m" then
-- Insert a category for 'Czech masculine animate nouns' or 'Czech masculine inanimate nouns'; the base categories
-- [[:Category:Czech masculine nouns]], [[:Czech animate nouns]] are auto-inserted.
insert(actual_genanim .. " " .. alternant_multiword_spec.plpos)
end
for _, stems in ipairs(base.stem_sets) do
local props = declprops[base.decl]
local cats = props.cat
if type(cats) == "function" then
cats = cats(base, stems)
end
if type(cats) == "string" then
cats = {cats}
end
local default_desc
for i, cat in ipairs(cats) do
if not cat:find("GENDER") and not cat:find("GENPOS") and not cat:find("POS") then
cat = cat .. " GENPOS"
end
cat = cat:gsub("GENPOS", "GENDER POS")
if not cat:find("POS") then
cat = cat .. " POS"
end
if i == #cats then
default_desc = cat:gsub(" POS", "")
end
cat = cat:gsub("GENDER", actual_genanim)
cat = cat:gsub("POS", alternant_multiword_spec.plpos)
-- Need to trim `cat` because actual_genanim may be an empty string.
insert(trim(cat))
end
local desc = props.desc
if type(desc) == "function" then
desc = desc(base, stems)
end
desc = desc or default_desc
desc = desc:gsub("GENDER", genanim)
-- Need to trim `desc` because genanim may be an empty string.
m_table.insertIfNot(decldescs, trim(desc))
local vowelalt
if stems.vowelalt == "quant" then
vowelalt = "quant-alt"
insert("nouns with quantitative vowel alternation")
elseif stems.vowelalt == "quant-ě" then
vowelalt = "í-ě-alt"
insert("nouns with í-ě alternation")
end
if vowelalt then
m_table.insertIfNot(vowelalts, vowelalt)
end
if reducible == nil then
reducible = stems.reducible
elseif reducible ~= stems.reducible then
reducible = "mixed"
end
if stems.reducible then
insert("nouns with reducible stem")
end
if base.foreign then
m_table.insertIfNot(foreign, "foreign")
if not base.decllemma then
-- NOTE: there are nouns that use both 'foreign' and 'decllemma', e.g. [[Zeus]].
insert("nouns with regular foreign declension")
end
end
-- User-specified 'decllemma:' indicates irregular stem. Don't consider foreign nouns in -us/-os/-es, -um/-on or
-- silent -e (e.g. [[software]]) where this ending is simply dropped in oblique and plural forms as irregular;
-- there are too many of these and they are already categorized above as 'nouns with regular foreign declension'.
if base.decllemma then
m_table.insertIfNot(irregs, "irreg-stem")
insert("nouns with irregular stem")
end
m_table.insertIfNot(stemspecs, stems.vowel_stem)
end
end
local key_entry = alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun or 1
if #alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs >= key_entry then
local alternant_or_word_spec = alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs[key_entry]
if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then
for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do
key_entry = multiword_spec.first_noun or 1
if #multiword_spec.word_specs >= key_entry then
do_word_spec(multiword_spec.word_specs[key_entry])
end
end
else
do_word_spec(alternant_or_word_spec)
end
end
if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" or alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then
-- not "both" or "none" (for [[sebe]])
table.insert(annparts, alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" and "sg-only" or "pl-only")
end
if #decldescs == 0 then
table.insert(annparts, "indecl")
else
table.insert(annparts, table.concat(decldescs, " // "))
end
if #vowelalts > 0 then
table.insert(annparts, table.concat(vowelalts, "/"))
end
if reducible == "mixed" then
table.insert(annparts, "mixed-reducible")
elseif reducible then
table.insert(annparts, "reducible")
end
if #foreign > 0 then
table.insert(annparts, table.concat(foreign, " // "))
end
if #irregs > 0 then
table.insert(annparts, table.concat(irregs, " // "))
end
alternant_multiword_spec.annotation = table.concat(annparts, " ")
if #stemspecs > 1 then
insert("nouns with multiple stems")
end
if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "both" and not m_table.deepEquals(alternant_multiword_spec.sg_genders, alternant_multiword_spec.pl_genders) then
insert("nouns that change gender in the plural")
end
alternant_multiword_spec.categories = all_cats
end
local function show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec)
local lemmas = {}
for _, slot in ipairs(potential_lemma_slots) do
if alternant_multiword_spec.forms[slot] then
for _, formobj in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.forms[slot]) do
-- FIXME, now can support footnotes as qualifiers in headwords?
table.insert(lemmas, formobj.form)
end
break
end
end
local props = {
lemmas = lemmas,
slot_table = alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots,
lang = lang,
canonicalize = function(form)
-- return com.remove_variant_codes(form)
return form
end,
}
iut.show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec.forms, props)
end
local function make_table(alternant_multiword_spec)
local forms = alternant_multiword_spec.forms
local function template_prelude(min_width)
return rsub([=[
<div>
<div class="NavFrame" style="display: inline-block; min-width: MINWIDTHem">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#eff7ff">{title}{annotation}</div>
<div class="NavContent">
{\op}| style="background:#F9F9F9;text-align:center;min-width:MINWIDTHem" class="inflection-table"
|-
]=], "MINWIDTH", min_width)
end
local function template_postlude()
return [=[
|{\cl}{notes_clause}</div></div></div>]=]
end
local table_spec_both = template_prelude("45") .. [=[
! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" |
! style="background:#d9ebff" | singular
! style="background:#d9ebff" | plural
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|nominative
| {nom_s}
| {nom_p}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|genitive
| {gen_s}
| {gen_p}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|dative
| {dat_s}
| {dat_p}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|accusative
| {acc_s}
| {acc_p}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|vocative
| {voc_s}
| {voc_p}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|locative
| {loc_s}
| {loc_p}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|instrumental
| {ins_s}
| {ins_p}
]=] .. template_postlude()
local function get_table_spec_one_number(number, numcode)
local table_spec_one_number = [=[
! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" |
! style="background:#d9ebff" | NUMBER
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|nominative
| {nom_CODE}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|genitive
| {gen_CODE}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|dative
| {dat_CODE}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|accusative
| {acc_CODE}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|vocative
| {voc_CODE}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|locative
| {loc_CODE}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|instrumental
| {ins_CODE}
]=]
return template_prelude("30") .. table_spec_one_number:gsub("NUMBER", number):gsub("CODE", numcode) ..
template_postlude()
end
local function get_table_spec_one_number_clitic(number, numcode)
local table_spec_one_number_clitic = [=[
! rowspan=2 style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff"|
! colspan=2 style="background:#d9ebff" | NUMBER
|-
! style="width:33%;background:#d9ebff" | stressed
! style="background:#d9ebff" | clitic
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|nominative
| colspan=2 | {nom_CODE}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|genitive
| {gen_CODE}
| {clitic_gen_CODE}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|dative
| {dat_CODE}
| {clitic_dat_CODE}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|accusative
| {acc_CODE}
| {clitic_acc_CODE}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|vocative
| colspan=2 | {voc_CODE}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|locative
| colspan=2 | {loc_CODE}
|-
!style="background:#eff7ff"|instrumental
| colspan=2 | {ins_CODE}
]=]
return template_prelude("40") .. table_spec_one_number_clitic:gsub("NUMBER", number):gsub("CODE", numcode) ..
template_postlude()
end
local notes_template = [=[
<div style="width:100%;text-align:left;background:#d9ebff">
<div style="display:inline-block;text-align:left;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em">
{footnote}
</div></div>
]=]
if alternant_multiword_spec.title then
forms.title = alternant_multiword_spec.title
else
forms.title = 'Declension of <i lang="cs">' .. forms.lemma .. '</i>'
end
local annotation = alternant_multiword_spec.annotation
if annotation == "" then
forms.annotation = ""
else
forms.annotation = " (<span style=\"font-size: smaller;\">" .. annotation .. "</span>)"
end
local number, numcode
if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "sg" then
number, numcode = "singular", "s"
elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then
number, numcode = "plural", "p"
elseif alternant_multiword_spec.number == "none" then -- used for [[sebe]]
number, numcode = "", "s"
end
local table_spec =
alternant_multiword_spec.number == "both" and table_spec_both or
alternant_multiword_spec.has_clitic and get_table_spec_one_number_clitic(number, numcode) or
get_table_spec_one_number(number, numcode)
forms.notes_clause = forms.footnote ~= "" and
m_string_utilities.format(notes_template, forms) or ""
return m_string_utilities.format(table_spec, forms)
end
local function compute_headword_genders(alternant_multiword_spec)
local genders = {}
local number
if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then
number = "-p"
else
number = ""
end
iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base)
local animacy = base.animacy
if animacy == "inan" then
animacy = "in"
end
m_table.insertIfNot(genders, base.gender .. "-" .. animacy .. number)
end)
return genders
end
-- Externally callable function to parse and decline a noun given user-specified arguments.
-- Return value is ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC, an object where the declined forms are in
-- `ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC.forms` for each slot. If there are no values for a slot, the
-- slot key will be missing. The value for a given slot is a list of objects
-- {form=FORM, footnotes=FOOTNOTES}.
function export.do_generate_forms(parent_args, from_headword)
local params = {
[1] = {required = true, default = "bůh<m.an.#.voce>"},
title = {},
pagename = {},
json = {type = "boolean"},
pos = {},
}
if from_headword then
params["head"] = {list = true}
params["lemma"] = {list = true}
params["g"] = {list = true}
params["f"] = {list = true}
params["m"] = {list = true}
params["adj"] = {list = true}
params["dim"] = {list = true}
params["id"] = {}
end
local args = m_para.process(parent_args, params)
local parse_props = {
parse_indicator_spec = parse_indicator_spec,
angle_brackets_omittable = true,
allow_blank_lemma = true,
}
local alternant_multiword_spec = iut.parse_inflected_text(args[1], parse_props)
alternant_multiword_spec.title = args.title
alternant_multiword_spec.args = args
local pagename = args.pagename or from_headword and args.head[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText
normalize_all_lemmas(alternant_multiword_spec, pagename)
set_all_defaults_and_check_bad_indicators(alternant_multiword_spec)
-- These need to happen before detect_all_indicator_specs() so that adjectives get their genders and numbers set
-- appropriately, which are needed to correctly synthesize the adjective lemma.
propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "animacy", "inan", "mixed")
propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "number", "both", "both")
-- FIXME, the default value (third param) used to be 'm' with a comment indicating that this applied only to
-- plural adjectives, where it didn't matter; but in Czech, plural adjectives are distinguished for gender and
-- animacy. Make sure 'mixed' works.
propagate_properties(alternant_multiword_spec, "gender", "mixed", "mixed")
detect_all_indicator_specs(alternant_multiword_spec)
determine_noun_status(alternant_multiword_spec)
set_pos(alternant_multiword_spec)
alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots = get_output_noun_slots(alternant_multiword_spec)
local inflect_props = {
skip_slot = function(slot)
return skip_slot(alternant_multiword_spec.number, slot)
end,
slot_table = alternant_multiword_spec.output_noun_slots,
get_variants = get_variants,
inflect_word_spec = decline_noun,
}
iut.inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec(alternant_multiword_spec, inflect_props)
compute_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec)
alternant_multiword_spec.genders = compute_headword_genders(alternant_multiword_spec)
if args.json then
alternant_multiword_spec.args = nil
return require("Module:JSON").toJSON(alternant_multiword_spec)
end
return alternant_multiword_spec
end
-- Entry point for {{cs-ndecl}}. Template-callable function to parse and decline a noun given
-- user-specified arguments and generate a displayable table of the declined forms.
function export.show(frame)
local parent_args = frame:getParent().args
local alternant_multiword_spec = export.do_generate_forms(parent_args)
if type(alternant_multiword_spec) == "string" then
-- JSON return value
return alternant_multiword_spec
end
show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec)
return make_table(alternant_multiword_spec) ..
require("Module:utilities").format_categories(alternant_multiword_spec.categories, lang, nil, nil, force_cat)
end
return export