Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/helpōlausaz
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *helpō (“help”) + *-lausaz.
Pronunciation
Adjective
*helpōlausaz[1]
Inflection
Declension of *helpōlausaz (a-stem)
strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
nominative | *helpōlausaz | *helpōlausai | *helpōlausō | *helpōlausôz | *helpōlausą, *-at(ō) | *helpōlausō |
accusative | *helpōlausanǭ | *helpōlausanz | *helpōlausǭ | *helpōlausōz | *helpōlausą, *-at(ō) | *helpōlausō |
genitive | *helpōlausas, *helpōlausis | *helpōlausaizǫ̂ | *helpōlausaizōz | *helpōlausaizǫ̂ | *helpōlausas, *helpōlausis | *helpōlausaizǫ̂ |
dative | *helpōlausammai | *helpōlausaimaz | *helpōlausaizōi | *helpōlausaimaz | *helpōlausammai | *helpōlausaimaz |
instrumental | *helpōlausanō | *helpōlausaimiz | *helpōlausaizō | *helpōlausaimiz | *helpōlausanō | *helpōlausaimiz |
weak declension | ||||||
masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
nominative | *helpōlausô | *helpōlausaniz | *helpōlausǭ | *helpōlausōniz | *helpōlausô | *helpōlausōnō |
accusative | *helpōlausanų | *helpōlausanunz | *helpōlausōnų | *helpōlausōnunz | *helpōlausô | *helpōlausōnō |
genitive | *helpōlausiniz | *helpōlausanǫ̂ | *helpōlausōniz | *helpōlausōnǫ̂ | *helpōlausiniz | *helpōlausanǫ̂ |
dative | *helpōlausini | *helpōlausammaz | *helpōlausōni | *helpōlausōmaz | *helpōlausini | *helpōlausammaz |
instrumental | *helpōlausinē | *helpōlausammiz | *helpōlausōnē | *helpōlausōmiz | *helpōlausinē | *helpōlausammiz |
Descendants
- Old English: *helplēas
- Old Frisian: helpelās
- North Frisian: holpleaz
- Old Dutch: hulpilōs
- Old High German: helfalōs
- Old Norse: hjalplauss, hjalparlauss (changed to genitival compound)
- Icelandic: hjálplaus, hjálparlaus
- Swedish: hjälplös
References
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xelpa-lausaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 168