Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skakulaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *skakilaz

Etymology

From *skakaną +‎ *-ulaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskɑ.ku.lɑz/

Noun

*skakulaz m

1. a link in a chain
2. a fetter

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *skakulaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skakulaz	*skakulōz, *skakulōs
vocative	*skakul	*skakulōz, *skakulōs
accusative	*skakulą	*skakulanz
genitive	*skakulas, *skakulis	*skakulǫ̂
dative	*skakulai	*skakulamaz
instrumental	*skakulō	*skakulamiz

Descendants

• Old English: sċacul, sċeacul, sċeacel; sċecel (< *skakilaz)
  • Middle English: scheakel, schakle, schakylle, schakkyl
    • Scots: schakill, schaikill, scheckell
    • English: shackle
      • → Danish: sjækkel
      • → Norwegian: sjakkel
      • → Swedish: schackel
      • → Marshallese: jakōļ
• Old Frisian: *skakel
  • Saterland Frisian: Schakel
  • West Frisian: skeakel (possibly from Middle Dutch)
• Old Saxon: *skakul
  • Middle Low German: schākel
    • German Low German: Schakel
    • → German: Schäckel (possibly from English?)
• Old Dutch: scākel (in derivatives)
  • Middle Dutch: scākel, schakel, schaeckel
    • Dutch: schakel
• Old Norse: skǫkull; skekill (< *skakilaz)
  • Icelandic: skökull, skakel, skekil
  • Norwegian: skakel
  • Swedish: skakel
  • Danish: skagle
  • ,