Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/grc̣q̇il-

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This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

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Reconstruction

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Georgian and Zan match each other regularly.

Svan, undoubtedly related here, undergoes an obscure ზ ← *გრ (z ← *gr) transformation which Fähnrich-Sarǯvelaʒe attempt to explain like this:

  1. *გიწყილ- ← *გ(რ)წყილ- (*gic̣q̇il- ← *g(r)c̣q̇il-)
  2. *გიწყ- ← *გიწყიუ̂- ← *გიწყილ- (*gic̣q̇- ← *gic̣q̇- ← *gic̣q̇il-)
    the transformation of word-final *ლ (*l) into უ̂ (û) is regular, as is the occasional loss of word-final უ̂ (û) itself
  3. *გისყ- ← *გიწყ- (*gisq̇- ← *gic̣q̇-), for deaffrication of () in a წყ (c̣q̇) consonant cluster compare:
    1. ბა̈სყ (sq̇)Proto-Kartvelian *marc̣q̇w- (strawberry)
    2. ლი-სყ-ი (li-sq̇-i)Proto-Kartvelian *c̣q̇(w)- (to arrange)
  4. *ისყ- ← *ისყ- (*ǯisq̇- ← *gisq̇-), for affrication of ჯ ← *გ (ǯ ← *g) compare:
    1. ლი-იშ (li-ǯ)Proto-Kartvelian *gwas₁- (to weave)
    2. ლი-ა̈ბ (li-ǯäb)Proto-Kartvelian *gab- (to cook)
  5. ჷსყ ~ ისყ ← *ისყ- (zəsq̇ ~ zisq̇ ← *ǯisq̇-)

Noun

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*g(r)c̣q̇il- / *grc̣q̇-il-

  1. flea

Descendants

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References

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  • Klimov, G. A. (1964) “*grc̣q̇il-”, in Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 6
  • Fähnrich, Heinz, Sardshweladse, Surab (1995) “*g(r)c̣q̇il-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Kartwel-Sprachen (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.29) (in German), Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill, pages 91–92
  • Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*grc̣q̇-il-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 33
  • Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) “*g(r)c̣q̇il-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, pages 151–152
  • Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 113–114

Further reading

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  • Čikobava, Arnold (1938) Č̣anur-megrul-kartuli šedarebiti leksiḳoni [Laz–Megrel–Georgian Comparative Dictionary] (Works; IV) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, published 2008, page 129
  • Nikolaev, Sergei L., Starostin, Sergei A. (1994) “*għV̆rc̣V”, in A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary[1], Moscow: Asterisk Publishers, compared to Proto-Kartvelian root
  • Čuxua, Merab (2007) “*girc̣q̇-”, in Iberiul-ičkeriul enata šedarebiti gramaṭiḳa [Ibero-Ichkerian Comparative Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University Press, page 309, proposes a slightly simplified archetype which still however has to undergo ზ ← *გ (z ← *g) transformation in Svan; further compares Chechen гирз (girz, scabies, itch), Ingush гирз (girz, id.)
  • Čuxua, Merab (2019) “*girc̣q̇-”, in Manana Mač̣avariani, Manana Buḳia, editors, Georgian–Circassian–Apkhazian Etymological Dictionary (expanded edition)[2], Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University Press, page 148, compares Adyghe чачӏа (čaĉʼa, nit (louse)), Kabardian чачӏа (čaĉʼa, id), Abkhaz а-каҵа́ (a-kʼacʼá, bedbug), Abaza каҵа (id.)