Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/maq̇w-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Noun

*maq̇w-

1. blackberry (Rubus)

Descendants

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • ⇒ Old Georgian: მაყუალი (maq̇uali)
    • Georgian: მაყვალი (maq̇vali), მაყოლ (maq̇ol), მაყოუ̂ლ (maq̇oûl) — Ingilo, მარქვალა (markvala) — Chveneburi
      • → Andi: мукъали (muqˣʼali)
      • → Avar: мукъали (muqxʼali), мукъали (muqxʼali), мокъоли (moqxʼoli)
      • → Tsakhur: муькьали, мыкьалий
  • Zan:
    • Laz: მუყი (muqi)
    • Mingrelian: მუჸია (muʾia), მუჸი (muʾi)
• Svan: მუყუ̂ (muq̇û)

References

• Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, page 320
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 282
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 117
• Schmidt, Karl Horst (1962) Studien zur Rekonstruktion des Lautstandes der südkaukasischen Grundsprache (Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes; XXXIV, 3)‎^[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 123

Further reading

• Gudava, Ṭogo (1960) “O-s u-ši gadasvlis zogierti šemtxveva zanur (megrul-č̣anur) enaši”, in Sakartvelos ssr mecnierebata aḳademiis moambe (in Georgian), volume 25, number 1, Tbilisi, page 119―122
• Mač̣avariani, Givi (1956) “A xmovnis labializaciis šemtxvevebi svanurši”, in Sakartvelos ssr mecnierebata aḳademiis moambe (in Georgian), number 4, Tbilisi, page 365―368