Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/quləj

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *quləj (“a type of small worm”).

Noun

*quləj

worm
maggot, caterpillar, larva of a metamorphosing insect

Descendants

Proto-Philippine:
- Batanic
  - Ivatan: uhed
  - Ibatan: ohed
- Northern Luzon
  - Ilocano: uleg (“snake”)
  - Meso-Cordilleran
    - Central Cordilleran
      - Kalinga–Itneg
        Tanudan Kalinga: ulog (“snake”)
      - Nuclear Cordilleran
        Ifugao
        Tuwali Ifugao: ulog (“snake”)
        
        Batad Ifugao: ūlog (“snake”)
        
        Bontok–Kankanay
        Central Bontoc: óreg (“snake”)
        
        Northern Kankanay: oweg (“snake”)
        
        Kankanaey: ëwëg (“snake”)
    - Southern Cordilleran
      - West Southern Cordilleran
        Pangasinan: olëg (“snake”)
        
        Nuclear Southern Cordilleran
        Karao: oleg (“snake”)
        
        Keley-I Kallahan: uleg (“snake”)
- Central Luzon
  - Kapampangan: ulad
  - Sambalic
    - Bolinao: urer
    - Mag-Anchi Ayta: uwêl
    - Abenlen Ayta: olel, owel
- Proto-Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Tagalog: uod
    - Bikol
      - Coastal Bikol
        Bikol Central: ulod
    - Proto-Bisayan
      - Cebuano: ulod
      - Central Bisayan
        Hiligaynon: ulod
        
        Masbatenyo: úlod
      - Western Bisayan
        Aklanon: ueod
        
        Kinaray-a: ulëd
      - Southern Bisayan
        Butuan-Tausug
        Tausug: ūd
    - Mansakan
      - Mansaka: orod
      - Tagakaulu Kalagan: ulud
  - Subanen
    - Central Subanen: uled
  - Manobo
    - Ata Manobo: ulod (“snake”)
    - Obo Manobo: 'uod (“snake”)
    - Cotabato Manobo: uled (“snake”)
    - Western Bukidnon Manobo: uled (“snake; insect”)
  - Danao
    - Maguindanao: uled
    - Maranao: oled
  - Palawanic
    - Central Palawano: uled
    - Brooke's Point Palawano: uled
  - Gorontalo–Mongondow
    - Mongondow: ulod
    - Gorontalo: wulodu
- Kalamian
  - Calamian Tagbanwa: kulud
  - Agutaynen: kolod
- South Mindanao
  - Tboli: kuled
  - Blaan
    - Koronadal Blaan: ulad (“snake”)
    - Sarangani Blaan: ulad (“snake”)
- Sangiric
  - Sangir: ulide'
- Minahasan
  - Tonsea: ude' (“snake”)
  - Tontemboan: uler
Greater Barito
- Sama–Bajaw
  - Yakan: olet
  - Mapun: uwot
  - Central Sama: ulat
  - Southern Sama: ullat
- East Barito
  - Paku: ulet
  - Dusun Witu: ulet
  - Ma'anyan: ulet
  - Malagasy: olitra
- West Barito
  - Ngaju: uret
  - Bakumpai: uler
Kayanic
- Bahau: ulat, ulal
- Busang Kayan: ular
North Bornean
- Northeast Sabahan
  - Ida'an: ulod
  - >? Bonggi: uak
- North Sarawakan
  - Bintulu: uled
  - Berawan–Lower Baram
    - Berawan: ulan, olan
    - Lower Baram
      - Belait: ulad
  - Apo Duat (Dayic)
    - Kelabit: uled
    - Lun Bawang: uled, oled
  - Kenyah
    - Bakung: ulet
    - Eastern Penan: ulet
- Central Sarawakan
  - Melanau–Kajang
    - Melanau
      - Central Melanau: uled
      - Kanowit: ulet
    - Kajang
      - Sekapan: uɮət
      - Lahanan: ulet
  - Punan–Müller-Schwaner
    - Punan
      - Punan Tubu: ulet
      - Punan Bah-Biau: ulɛt
      - Punan Aput: ulet
      - Bukitan: ulɛt
      - Bukat: ulət
      - Ukit: ulət
    - Müller-Schwaner Punan
      - Hovongan: uot
      - Kereho: uot
      - Aoheng: uot
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Batak
  - Toba Batak: ulok (“snake”)
  - Simalungun Batak: ulog (“snake”)
  - Angkola Batak: ulog (“snake”)
  - Mandailing Batak: ulog (“snake”)
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Proto-Chamic: *hulat
  - Acehnese: ulat
  - Coastal Chamic
    - Eastern Cham: halak / ꨨꨤꩀ
    - Western Cham: hlăk / حلاک
  - Highlands Chamic
    - Chru–Northern Chamic
      - Chru: həlaʔ
      - Northern Roglai: hulaʔ
    - Jarai–Rhade
      - Jarai: hlăt, hluăt
      - Rade: hluăt
      - Bih: ulăt, uluăt
- Proto-Malayic: *hulət
  - Banjarese: hulat
  - Kendayan: uat, oat
  - Ibanic
    - Iban: ulat
    - Keninjal: ulat
    - Mualang: ulat
    - Seberuang: ulat
  - Nuclear Malayic
    - Malay: ulat
      - Indonesian: ulat
    - Central Malay: ulat
    - Minangkabau: ulek
    - Pattani Malay: อูละ (ulaʔ)
  - Urak Lawoi': ฮูลัยจ (hulac)
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Balinese: uled
  - Sasak: ulet
Old Javanese: ulĕr
- Javanese: ꦲꦸꦭꦼꦂ (uler, “caterpillar”)
South Sulawesi
- Northern South Sulawesi
  - Mandar: ulliq
  - Massenrempulu
    - Duri: ulliq
  - Toraja
    - Tae': ulli'
- Makassaric
  - Makasar: olo'
  - Selayar: olo'
  - Coastal Konjo: olo'
Celebic
- Tomini–Tolitoli
  - Lauje: ule
  - Tajio: ule
- Saluan–Banggai
  - Balantak: ule
  - Banggai: uloy
- Kaili–Pamona
  - Uma: ule
- Muna–Buton
  - Muna: ghule
  - Tukang Besi South: ulo
- Wotu–Wolio
  - Wolio: ulo
Chamorro: ulo'
Palauan: chuis
Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Central Malayo-Polynesian
  - Sumba–Flores
    - Ngadha: ulé
  - Flores–Lembata
    - Sika: 'ule
    - Lamaholot: uler-uler
  - Kei–Tanimbar
    - Yamdena: ule
    - Fordata: ular
  - Timoric
    - Tetum: ular
    - Wetar–Galoli
      - >? Tugun: nulan
    - Luangic–Kisaric
      - Kisar: orre
  - Central Maluku
    - Buru (Indonesia): ule
- Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - Halmahera–Cenderawasih
    - Biak: uro
  - Proto-Oceanic: *quloc
    - Admiralty Islands
      - Southeast
        Lou: kul
      - Manus
        Titan: ul
        
        Loniu: un
    - Western Oceanic
      - Meso-Melanesian
        Northwest Solomonic
        Cheke Holo: ulho
        
        Roviana: uloso
    - Central–Eastern Oceanic
      - Southeast Solomonic
        Bugotu–Nggela
        Bughotu: ulo
        
        Malaita–Makira
        Arosi: uro
      - Southern Oceanic
        Mota: ulo
        
        Southeast Ambrym: ui
      - Micronesian
        Puluwat: wuul
        
        Woleaian: iul
      - Central Pacific
        Fijian: ulo

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*qulej”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Smith, A. (2017), The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa