Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ayaŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

• *hayaŕ
• *āyaŕ

Etymology

Nişanyan and Eren both suggest a derivation from *āya- (“to become clear; to have a moon”) itself from *āy (“moon”). Note that both this word and *āy have initial h- in Khalaj.

Noun

*ayaŕ

1. clear sky
2. frost

Declension

Declension of *ayaŕ

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*ayaŕ
Accusative	*ayaŕnï, *ayaŕïg 4), *ayaŕnïg 1)
Genitive	*ayaŕnïŋ
Dative	*ayaŕka
Locative	*ayaŕta
Ablative	*ayaŕtan
Allative	*ayaŕgaru
Instrumental 2)	*ayaŕïn
Equative 2)	*ayaŕča
Similative 2)	*ayaŕlayu
Comitative 2)	*ayaŕlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: уяр (ujar, “clear”)
• Common Turkic: *ayaz

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: hayâz
• Oghuz:
  • Proto-Oghuz: *ayaz
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayaz)
      • Azerbaijani: ayaz
      • Ottoman Turkish: آیاز (ayaz)
        • Gagauz: ayaz, ayoz
        • Turkish: ayaz
        • → Armenian: այազ (ayaz)
        • → Greek: αγιάζι (agiázi)
    • Turkmen: aýaz
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: اَيازْ (ayaz)
    • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (ayaz)
      • Chagatai: اياز (ayaz)
        • Uzbek: ayoz
        • Uyghur: ئاياز (ayaz)
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak: اياز (ayaz)
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: аяҙ (ayaź)
      • Tatar: аяз (ayaz)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: ayaz
      • Kumyk: аяз (ayaz)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Kazakh: аяз (aäz)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: аяз (ayaz)
        • Southern Altai: айас (ayas)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur:
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (ajas)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tuvan: аяс (ayas)
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Khakas: аяс (ayas)

References

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 123
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “aya:s”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 276
• Eren, Hasan (1999) “ayaz”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 26
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ayaz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 102
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ańaŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 11