Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skaþþjan

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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *skaþjaną. Equivalent to *skaþō (damage, destruction) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

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*skaþþjan[1]

  1. to harm

Inflection

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Strong class 6 j-present
Infinitive *skaþþjan
1st sg. past *skōþ
3rd pl. past *skōdun
Past ptcple *skadan
Infinitive *skaþþjan
Genitive infin. *skaþþjannjas
Dative infin. *skaþþjannjē
Instrum. infin. *skaþþjannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *skaþþju *skōþ
2nd singular *skaþiʀi *skōdī
3rd singular *skaþidi *skōþ
1st plural *skaþþjum *skōdum
2nd plural *skaþid *skōdud
3rd plural *skaþþjand *skōdun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *skaþþjē *skōdī
2nd singular *skaþþjēs *skōdī
3rd singular *skaþþjē *skōdī
1st plural *skaþþjēm *skōdīm
2nd plural *skaþþjēþ *skōdīd
3rd plural *skaþþjēn *skōdīn
Imperative Present
Singular *skaþi
Plural *skaþid
Present Past
Participle *skaþþjandī *skadan
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Descendants

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  • Old English: sċeþþan, sċieþþan

References

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  1. ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 51:PWGmc *[skaþʲþʲan]