rudufu

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَدَفَ (radafa).

Verb

-rudufu (infinitive kurudufu)

1. to double
2. to duplicate, to make a copy

Conjugation

Conjugation of -rudufu
Positive present -narudufu Subjunctive -rudufu Negative -rudufu Imperative singular rudufu
Infinitives
Positive kurudufu Negative kutorudufu
Imperatives
Singular rudufu Plural rudufuni
Tensed forms
Habitual hurudufu Positive past positive subject concord + -lirudufu Negative past negative subject concord + -kurudufu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -narudufu) Singular Plural 1st person ninarudufu/narudufu tunarudufu 2nd person unarudufu mnarudufu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anarudufu wanarudufu other classes positive subject concord + -narudufu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -rudufu) Singular Plural 1st person sirudufu haturudufu 2nd person hurudufu hamrudufu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) harudufu hawarudufu other classes negative subject concord + -rudufu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tarudufu Negative future negative subject concord + -tarudufu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rudufu) Singular Plural 1st person nirudufu turudufu 2nd person urudufu mrudufu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) arudufu warudufu other classes positive subject concord + -rudufu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sirudufu Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngerudufu Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singerudufu Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalirudufu Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalirudufu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arudufu) Singular Plural 1st person narudufu twarudufu 2nd person warudufu mwarudufu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) arudufu warudufu m-mi(III/IV) warudufu yarudufu ji-ma(V/VI) larudufu yarudufu ki-vi(VII/VIII) charudufu vyarudufu n(IX/X) yarudufu zarudufu u(XI) warudufu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwarudufu pa(XVI) parudufu mu(XVIII) mwarudufu
Perfect positive subject concord + -merudufu "Already" positive subject concord + -mesharudufu "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jarudufu "If/When" positive subject concord + -kirudufu "If not" positive subject concord + -siporudufu Consecutive karudufu / positive subject concord + -karudufu Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -karudufu
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nirudufu -turudufu 2nd person -kurudufu -warudufu/-kurudufuni/-warudufuni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mrudufu -warudufu m-mi(III/IV) -urudufu -irudufu ji-ma(V/VI) -lirudufu -yarudufu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kirudufu -virudufu n(IX/X) -irudufu -zirudufu u(XI) -urudufu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kurudufu pa(XVI) -parudufu mu(XVIII) -murudufu Reflexive -jirudufu
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rudufu- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -rudufuye -rudufuo m-mi(III/IV) -rudufuo -rudufuyo ji-ma(V/VI) -rudufulo -rudufuyo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -rudufucho -rudufuvyo n(IX/X) -rudufuyo -rudufuzo u(XI) -rudufuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -rudufuko pa(XVI) -rudufupo mu(XVIII) -rudufumo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rudufu) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yerudufu -orudufu m-mi(III/IV) -orudufu -yorudufu ji-ma(V/VI) -lorudufu -yorudufu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chorudufu -vyorudufu n(IX/X) -yorudufu -zorudufu u(XI) -orudufu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -korudufu pa(XVI) -porudufu mu(XVIII) -morudufu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Nominal derivations:
  • kirudufu (“photocopier”)