按

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按 U+6309, 按
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6309
← 挈
[U+6308] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 挊 →
[U+630A]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

按 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手十女 (QJV), four-corner 53044, composition ⿰扌安)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 429, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12038
  • Dae Jaweon: page 779, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1876, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6309

Chinese[edit]

trad. 按
simp. # 按

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (安) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
安 *qaːn
鞍 *qaːn
鞌 *qaːn
侒 *qaːn
按 *qaːns
案 *qaːns
洝 *qaːns
荌 *qaːns
晏 *qaːns, *qraːns
鴳 *qraːns
騴 *qraːns
鷃 *qraːns
頞 *qaːd
胺 *qaːd
咹 *qaːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːns) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 安 (OC *qaːn).

Etymology[edit]

Exoactive of 安 (OC *qaːn, “be calm”), lit. "cause to be settled, calmed".

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Rime
Character 按
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏旰切
Baxter 'anH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔanH/
Li
Rong 		/ʔɑnH/
Wang
Li 		/ɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		àn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		on3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 按
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		àn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔanH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔˁa[n]-s/
English repress

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 按
Reading # 1/1
No. 15
Phonetic
component 		安
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		按
Old
Chinese 		/*qaːns/

Definitions[edit]

按

  1. to push (with hands); to press
    按鈕／按钮  ―  ànniǔ  ―  to press a button
  2. to put aside
  3. to restrain
  4. to check against something, chiefly a text
    按圖索驥／按图索骥  ―  àntúsuǒjì  ―  literally, "to seek a fine horse by checking against a drawing"
  5. to make comments; to write notes
  6. according to; referring to; following
    按照  ―  ànzhào  ―  according to
    按計劃行事／按计划行事  ―  àn jìhuà xíngshì  ―  to follow the plan
  7. (Malaysia, Singapore) to withdraw (money)
  8. (Cantonese) to mortgage
    按揭 [Cantonese]  ―  on3 kit3 [Jyutping]  ―  to mortgage
  9. (Hokkien) to estimate; to evaluate; to assess; to figure; to suppose; to reckon; to plan
  10. (Hokkien) to pawn; to borrow money while depositing an item as collateral from a pawnshop or someone for later payment
  11. (Hokkien) from (place or time); by; since

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to push):
Dialectal synonyms of 按 (“to push; to press”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 按
Mandarin Beijing 按, 摁
Taiwan 按
Jinan 按, 摁
Xi'an 按, 壓
Wuhan 按, 逞
Chengdu 按, 逞
Yangzhou 捺
Hefei 按, 捺
Malaysia 按
Singapore 按
Cantonese Guangzhou 撳, 的
Hong Kong 撳
Macau 撳
Yangjiang 擪
Singapore (Guangfu) 撳
Gan Nanchang 按, 陣
Hakka Meixian 撳
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 撳
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 撳
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 撳
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 撳, 擪
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 撳
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 擪
Kuching (Hepo) 撳
Jin Taiyuan 按
Northern Min Jian'ou 壓
Eastern Min Fuzhou 扼
Southern Min Xiamen 揤
Quanzhou 揤
Zhangzhou 揤
Taipei 揤
New Taipei (Sanxia) 揤
Kaohsiung 揤
Yilan 揤
Changhua (Lukang) 揤
Taichung 揤
Tainan 揤
Hsinchu 揤
Kinmen 揤
Penghu (Magong) 揤
Penang (Hokkien) 揤, 捏
Singapore (Hokkien) 揤, 捏
Manila (Hokkien) 揤
Chaozhou 揤
Singapore (Teochew) 揤
Wu Shanghai 撳
Suzhou 撳
Wuxi 撳
Wenzhou 捺, 捼
Xiang Changsha 捘, 按
Shuangfeng 撳
  • (to restrain):
  • (according to):

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (按):
  • → Japanese: 按(あん) (an)
  • → Korean: 안(按) (an)
  • → Vietnamese: án (按)

Others:

  • → Vietnamese: ấn (按, “to press”)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

按

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
按
あん
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 按 (MC 'anH).

Affix[edit]

按(あん) • (an) 

  1. push (with hands); press
  2. examine; investigate

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

按 • (an, al) (hangeul 안, 알, revised an, al, McCune–Reischauer an, al, Yale an, al)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày[edit]

Verb[edit]

按 (án)

  1. Nôm form of án (“to count”).
    度𫠯保按啓
    Tò lồng bấu án khái
    Can no longer count the steps taken when going down
    𨀎𪪈開帝𱍭按鉼
    Khuốp pi khai đảy ngần án pẻng
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References[edit]

  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[1] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

按: Hán Nôm readings: án, ấn, ướn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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