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Egyptian [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
2ae gem.
( intransitive or reflexive ) to turn back (+ ḥr : from )
( intransitive ) to come back , to return
( transitive ) to turn back , to repel
( transitive ) to render (plans , arrangements , etc.) ineffective or inoperable
( transitive ) to tie up , to entwine [Pyramid Texts and Coffin Texts]
Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of ꜥnn (second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.) — base stem: ꜥn , geminated stem: ꜥnn
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
ꜥnn 8
ꜥnn
ꜥnnt
ꜥnn , ꜥn
ꜥnn , ꜥn
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
ꜥnn , ꜥn
ḥr ꜥnn
m ꜥnn
r ꜥnn
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
ꜥn.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
ꜥn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
ꜥn
ꜥn , ꜥnw 5 , ꜥny 5
imperfective
ꜥnn , ꜥnny , ꜥnnw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
ꜥnn , ꜥnnj 6 , ꜥnny 6
ꜥnn , ꜥnnw 5
prospective
ꜥn , ꜥntj 7
—
ꜥnntj 4 , ꜥnnt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
ꜥn before suffix pronouns.
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥnn
ꜥnn
ꜥnn
in sense ‘tie up’
in sense ‘tie up’
Derived terms [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] , volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , pages 188.13–189.7, 192.9
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , page 43
James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , page 315 .