νηφάλιος

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Ancient Greek[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From νήφω (nḗphō, to be sober, to abstain from wine, to be self-controlled) +‎ -άλιος (-álios). This family of words pertaining to sobriety (including also νήφων m (nḗphōn), νηφαίνω (nēphaínō, verb)) are related to Old Armenian նաւթի (nawtʻi, fasting, adjective). Ultimately, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *n-H(H)gʷʰ-ti-o- or from Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (to drink) prefixed with the negative particle *n̥-.

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Adjective[edit]

νηφάλιος (nēpháliosm (feminine νηφαλία, neuter νηφάλιον); first/second declension

  1. (of people) sober, not inebriated
  2. unmixed with wine, wineless
    νηφάλιαι θυσίαιnēpháliai thusíaiwineless libations/sacrifices
    νηφάλια θύεινnēphália thúeinto offer wineless libations
    νηφάλια μειλίγματαnēphália meilígmataofferings of water, milk, and honey to the Eumenides
    νηφάλιος κρατήρnēphálios kratḗrkrater containing liquids unmixed with wine
    νηφάλια ξύλαnēphália xúlawood other than vine twigs, burned in sacrifices

Declension[edit]

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Further reading[edit]

Greek[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek νηφάλιος (nēphálios).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /niˈfa.li.os/
  • Hyphenation: νη‧φά‧λι‧ος

Adjective[edit]

νηφάλιος (nifáliosm (feminine νηφάλια, neuter νηφάλιο)

  1. calm, astute, sober, collected, dispassionate
    νηφάλια σκέψηnifália sképsia sober thought
  2. sober, not drunk

Declension[edit]

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Further reading[edit]