ܝܕܥ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

Root
ܝ ܕ ܥ (y d ˁ)
6 terms

From Aramaic יְדַע (yəḏaʿ), inherited from Proto-Semitic *wadaʕ-; compare Hebrew יָדַע (yadá), Arabic وَدَعَ (wadaʕa) and Akkadian 𒍪 (edûm).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [jɑːðeʕː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [jaːðeʔ]
• (Urmian) IPA^(key): [jɑd.dˤeː]

Verb

ܝܵܕ݂ܹܥ • (yāḏēˁ) (present participle ܝܕ݂ܵܥܵܐ (ḏāˁā), past participle ܝܕ݂ܝܼܥܵܐ (ḏīˁā))

1. to know (a fact)

   ܘܵܠܹܐ ܕܓܵܒ݂ܹܐ ܚܲܕ݇ ܡܸܢܕܝܼ ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܠܹܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܒܝܼܕ݂ܵܥܵܐ ܡܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܒܵܥܹܐ.

   wālē d-gāḇē ḥa mindī īnā lē ìlēh bīḏāˁā mā kē bāˁē.

   He must choose something but he does not know what he wants.

   • 1 Corinthians 8:2:

     ܐܸܢ ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ ܚܵܫܹܒ݂ ܕܒܝܼܕ݂ܵܥܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܡܸܢܕܝܼ، ܗܸܫ ܠܹܐ ܝܵܕ݂ܹܥ ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܕܘܵܠܹܐ ܕܝܵܕ݂ܹܥ ܥܲܠܹܗ.

     in nāšā ḥāšēḇ d-bīḏāˁā ìlēh mindī, hiš lē yāḏēˁ ayḵ d-wālē d-yāḏēˁ ˁallēh.

     And if anyone thinks that he knows anything, he knows nothing yet as he ought to know.

   • 1 John 2:29:

     ܐܸܢ ܝܵܕ݂ܥܝܼܬܘܿܢ ܕܙܲܕܝܼܩܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ، ܐܘܼܦ ܝܵܕ݂ܥܝܼܬܘܿܢ ܟܠ ܡ̇ܢ ܕܥܵܒ݂ܹܕ݂ ܙܲܕܝܼܩܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ ܦܝܼܫܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܝܠܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ ܡܸܢܹܗ.

     in yāḏˁītōn d-zadīqā ìlēh, ūp yāḏˁītōn kul man d-ˁāḇēḏ zadīqūṯā pīšā ìlēh līḏā minnēh.

     If you know that He is righteous, you know that everyone who practices righteousness is born of Him.

2. to know how (to do something)

   ܐܸܢ ܒܵܥܹܝܬ ܐܵܬ݂ܹܝܬ ܠܝܵܡܵܐ ܥܲܡܲܢ، ܘܵܠܹܐ ܕܝܵܕ݂ܥܹܬ ܣܚܵܝܵܐ

   in bāˁēt āṯēt l-yāmā ˁamman, wālē d-yāḏˁēt sḥāyā

   If you want to come to beach with us, you must know how to swim

3. to know (a person or place)

   ܚܲܒ݂ܪܝܼ ܝܠܹܗ، ܟܹܐ ܝܵܕ݂ܥܲܚ ܐܸܚܕ݂ܵܕ݂ܹܐ. ― ḥaḇrī ìlēh, kē yāḏˁaḥ iḥḏāḏē. ― He is my friend, we know each other.

   ܟܹܐ ܝܵܕ݂ܥܹܬ ܗ̇ܝ ܫܒ݂ܵܒ݂ܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ؟ ― kē yāḏˁēt aya šḇāḇūṯā? ― Do you know this neighbourhood?

   • 1 John 2:3:

     ܒܐܵܗܵܐ ܦܲܪܡܘܼܝܹܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܕܟܹܐ ܝܵܕ݂ܥܲܚ ܠܹܗ، ܐܸܢ ܢܵܛܪܲܚ ܦܘܼܩܕܵܢܘܼ̈ܗܝ.

     b-āhā parmūyē ìwaḥ dkē yāḏˁaḥ lēh, in nāṭraḥ puqdānūh.

     Now by this we are understanding that we know him, if we keep his commandments.

4. to recognize
5. (literary, archaic) to know, to have sex with

   Synonyms: ܚܵܟܹܡ (ḥākēm), ܫܵܟܹܒ݂ (šākēḇ), ܕܵܡܹܟ݂ (dāmēḵ)

   • Matthew 1:24-25:

     ܘܠܵܐ ܝܕ݂ܝܼܥܵܗ̇ ܠܹܗ ܗܲܠ ܕܗܘܼܨܸܠ ܠܵܗ̇ ܒܪܘܿܢܘܿܗ̇؛ ܘܩܪܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ ܫܸܡܹܗ ܝܼܫܘܿܥ.

     w-lā ḏīˁāh lēh hal d-hūṣil lāh brōnōh; w-qrē lāh šimmēh īšōˁ.

     and did not know her till she had brought forth her Son; And he called His name Jesus.

Usage notes

• This is used for all senses but is most used in the sense of “to know a fact” or “to know a skill”. The verb ܡܲܕܪܸܟ݂ (madriḵ) is specifically used for the senses of “to be familiar with”, “to know someone” or “to know a place”.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ܝܵܕ݂ܹܥ (yāḏēˁ)

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܝܕ݂ܝܼܥ ܠܝܼ (ḏīˁ lī)	ܝܕ݂ܝܼܥ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḏīˁ lūḵ)	ܝܕ݂ܝܼܥ ܠܹܗ (ḏīˁ lēh)	ܝܕ݂ܝܼܥ ܠܲܢ (ḏīˁ lan)	ܝܕ݂ܝܼܥ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḏīˁ lāwḵōn)	ܝܕ݂ܝܼܥ ܠܗܘܿܢ (ḏīˁ lhōn)
	f		ܝܕ݂ܝܼܥ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḏīˁ lāḵ)	ܝܕ݂ܝܼܥ ܠܵܗ̇ (ḏīˁ lāh)
non-past	m	ܝܵܕ݂ܥܹܢ (yāḏˁēn)	ܝܵܕ݂ܥܹܬ (yāḏˁēt)	ܝܵܕ݂ܹܥ (yāḏēˁ)	ܝܵܕ݂ܲܚ (yāḏaḥ)	ܝܵܕ݂ܝܼܬܘܿܢ (yāḏītōn)	ܝܵܕ݂ܝܼ (yāḏī)
	f	ܝܵܕ݂ܥܵܢ (yāḏˁān)	ܝܵܕ݂ܥܵܬܝ (yāḏˁāt)	ܝܵܕ݂ܥܵܐ (yāḏˁā)
imperative	m		ܝܕ݂ܹܥ (ḏēˁ)			ܝܕ݂ܹܥܡܘܼܢ (ḏēˁmūn)
	f		ܝܕ݂ܹܥܝ (ḏēˁ)

Derived terms

• ܠܵܐ ܟܝܼ (lā kī)

Classical Syriac

Etymology

From the root ܝ-ܕ-ܥ (y-d-ʿ) related to knowing, from Proto-Semitic *wadaʕ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jədaʕ/, [ʔiðaʕ]

Verb

ܝܕܥ • (ʔīḏaʕ)

1. to know

Further reading

• “ydˁ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–