अष्टम

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• অষ্টম (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬱ᭄ᬝᬫ (Balinese script)
• অষ্টম (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰬𑰿𑰘𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• အၑ္ဋမ (Burmese script)
• અષ્ટમ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਸ਼੍ਟਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌷𑍍𑌟𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦰ꧀ꦛꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂭𑂹𑂗𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಅಷ್ಟಮ (Kannada script)
• អឞ្ដម (Khmer script)
• ອຩ຺ຏມ (Lao script)
• അഷ്ടമ (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᢢᢞᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘬𑘿𑘘𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢔᢌᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑧌𑧠𑦸𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐲𑑂𑐚𑐩 (Newa script)
• ଅଷ୍ଟମ (Odia script)
• ꢂꢰ꣄ꢜꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆰𑇀𑆛𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖬𑖿𑖘𑖦 (Siddham script)
• අෂ‍්ටම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑪀 𑪙𑩦𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚶𑚔𑚢 (Takri script)
• அஷ்டம (Tamil script)
• అష్టమ (Telugu script)
• อษฺฏม (Thai script)
• ཨ་ཥྚ་མ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒭𑓂𑒙𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨯𑩇𑨔𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Sanskrit numbers ^(edit)

←  7	८ 8	9  →
Cardinal: अष्ट (aṣṭa), अष्टन् (aṣṭan)     Ordinal: अष्टम (aṣṭama)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *aštamás; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw (“eight”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (aštəma), Persian هشتم (haštom), Ossetian ӕстӕм (æstæm).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐʂ.ʈɐ.mɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɐʂ.ʈɐ.mɐ/

Adjective

अष्टम • (aṣṭamá) stem

1. eighth
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.114.9:

     कश्छन्दसां योगमावेद धीरः को धिष्ण्यां प्रति वाचं पपाद ।
     कमृत्विजाम्अष्टमं शूरमाहुर्हरी इन्द्रस्य नि चिकाय कः स्वित् ॥

     kaśchandasāṃ yogamāveda dhīraḥ ko dhiṣṇyāṃ prati vācaṃ papāda.
     kamṛtvijāmaṣṭamaṃ śūramāhurharī indrasya ni cikāya kaḥ svit.

     What sage hath learned the metres' application? Who hath gained Vāk, the spirit's aim and object?
     Which ministering priest is called the eighth Hero? Who then hath tracked the two Bay Steeds of Indra?

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of अष्टम (aṣṭamá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अष्टमः aṣṭamáḥ	अष्टमौ / अष्टमा¹ aṣṭamaú / aṣṭamā́¹	अष्टमाः / अष्टमासः¹ aṣṭamā́ḥ / aṣṭamā́saḥ¹
Vocative	अष्टम áṣṭama	अष्टमौ / अष्टमा¹ áṣṭamau / áṣṭamā¹	अष्टमाः / अष्टमासः¹ áṣṭamāḥ / áṣṭamāsaḥ¹
Accusative	अष्टमम् aṣṭamám	अष्टमौ / अष्टमा¹ aṣṭamaú / aṣṭamā́¹	अष्टमान् aṣṭamā́n
Instrumental	अष्टमेन aṣṭaména	अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām	अष्टमैः / अष्टमेभिः¹ aṣṭamaíḥ / aṣṭamébhiḥ¹
Dative	अष्टमाय aṣṭamā́ya	अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām	अष्टमेभ्यः aṣṭamébhyaḥ
Ablative	अष्टमात् aṣṭamā́t	अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām	अष्टमेभ्यः aṣṭamébhyaḥ
Genitive	अष्टमस्य aṣṭamásya	अष्टमयोः aṣṭamáyoḥ	अष्टमानाम् aṣṭamā́nām
Locative	अष्टमे aṣṭamé	अष्टमयोः aṣṭamáyoḥ	अष्टमेषु aṣṭaméṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of अष्टमा (aṣṭamā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अष्टमा aṣṭamā́	अष्टमे aṣṭamé	अष्टमाः aṣṭamā́ḥ
Vocative	अष्टमे áṣṭame	अष्टमे áṣṭame	अष्टमाः áṣṭamāḥ
Accusative	अष्टमाम् aṣṭamā́m	अष्टमे aṣṭamé	अष्टमाः aṣṭamā́ḥ
Instrumental	अष्टमया / अष्टमा¹ aṣṭamáyā / aṣṭamā́¹	अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām	अष्टमाभिः aṣṭamā́bhiḥ
Dative	अष्टमायै aṣṭamā́yai	अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām	अष्टमाभ्यः aṣṭamā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	अष्टमायाः / अष्टमायै² aṣṭamā́yāḥ / aṣṭamā́yai²	अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām	अष्टमाभ्यः aṣṭamā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	अष्टमायाः / अष्टमायै² aṣṭamā́yāḥ / aṣṭamā́yai²	अष्टमयोः aṣṭamáyoḥ	अष्टमानाम् aṣṭamā́nām
Locative	अष्टमायाम् aṣṭamā́yām	अष्टमयोः aṣṭamáyoḥ	अष्टमासु aṣṭamā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of अष्टम (aṣṭamá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अष्टमम् aṣṭamám	अष्टमे aṣṭamé	अष्टमानि / अष्टमा¹ aṣṭamā́ni / aṣṭamā́¹
Vocative	अष्टम áṣṭama	अष्टमे áṣṭame	अष्टमानि / अष्टमा¹ áṣṭamāni / áṣṭamā¹
Accusative	अष्टमम् aṣṭamám	अष्टमे aṣṭamé	अष्टमानि / अष्टमा¹ aṣṭamā́ni / aṣṭamā́¹
Instrumental	अष्टमेन aṣṭaména	अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām	अष्टमैः / अष्टमेभिः¹ aṣṭamaíḥ / aṣṭamébhiḥ¹
Dative	अष्टमाय aṣṭamā́ya	अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām	अष्टमेभ्यः aṣṭamébhyaḥ
Ablative	अष्टमात् aṣṭamā́t	अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām	अष्टमेभ्यः aṣṭamébhyaḥ
Genitive	अष्टमस्य aṣṭamásya	अष्टमयोः aṣṭamáyoḥ	अष्टमानाम् aṣṭamā́nām
Locative	अष्टमे aṣṭamé	अष्टमयोः aṣṭamáyoḥ	अष्टमेषु aṣṭaméṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Gandhari: 𐨀𐨛𐨨 (aṭhama)
• Pali: aṭṭhama
  • → Burmese: အဋ္ဌမ (athta.ma.)
• Prakrit: 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀫 (aṭṭhama)
  • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Nepali: आठौं (āṭha͠u)
  • Maharastri Prakrit:
    • Konkani: आठवें (āṭhvẽ)
    • Marathi: आठवे (āṭhve)
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Takka Apabhramsa:
      • Punjabi: ਅੱਠਵਾਂ (aṭṭhavā̃)
    • Vracada Apabhramsa:
      • Sindhi: aṭhõ

        Arabic script: اٺون

        Devanagari script: अठों

  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Gujarati: આઠમું (āṭhamũ)
    • Hindustani: āṭhvā̃

      Hindi: आठवाँ

      Urdu: آٹھواں (āṭhvā̃)

• → Bengali: অষ্টম (ośṭom)
• → Kannada: ಅಷ್ಟಮ (aṣṭama)

Further reading

• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “अष्टम”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Monier Williams (1899) “अष्टम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 117.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “aṣṭamá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 41