ग्रीवा

See also: गौरव and गर्व

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *griHwáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *griHwáH, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷriHwéh₂. Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬭𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬁 (grīuuā), Latvian grĩva (“river mouth”), Proto-Slavic *griva (“mane”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiː.ʋɑ́ː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɾiː.ʋɑː/

Noun

ग्रीवा • (grīvā́) stem, f

1. the back part of the neck, nape, neck (in the earlier literature generally used in plural)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.48.17:

     मा काकम्बीरमुद वर्हो वनस्पतिमशस्तीर्वि हि नीनशः। मोत सूरो अह एवा चन ग्रीवा आदधते वेः।

     mā kākambīramuda varho vanaspatimaśastīrvi hi nīnaśaḥ. mota sūro aha evā cana grīvā ādadhate veḥ.

     Tear not up by the roots the Kakambira tree: destroy thou all malignity. Let them not snare by day the neck of that Celestial Bird the Sun.

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of ग्रीवा (grīvā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ग्रीवा grīvā́	ग्रीवे grīvé	ग्रीवाः grīvā́ḥ
Vocative	ग्रीवे grī́ve	ग्रीवे grī́ve	ग्रीवाः grī́vāḥ
Accusative	ग्रीवाम् grīvā́m	ग्रीवे grīvé	ग्रीवाः grīvā́ḥ
Instrumental	ग्रीवया / ग्रीवा¹ grīváyā / grīvā́¹	ग्रीवाभ्याम् grīvā́bhyām	ग्रीवाभिः grīvā́bhiḥ
Dative	ग्रीवायै grīvā́yai	ग्रीवाभ्याम् grīvā́bhyām	ग्रीवाभ्यः grīvā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	ग्रीवायाः / ग्रीवायै² grīvā́yāḥ / grīvā́yai²	ग्रीवाभ्याम् grīvā́bhyām	ग्रीवाभ्यः grīvā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	ग्रीवायाः / ग्रीवायै² grīvā́yāḥ / grīvā́yai²	ग्रीवयोः grīváyoḥ	ग्रीवाणाम् grīvā́ṇām
Locative	ग्रीवायाम् grīvā́yām	ग्रीवयोः grīváyoḥ	ग्रीवासु grīvā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• → Malayalam: ഗ്രീവ (grīva)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “ग्रीवा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0374.