ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ

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Punjabi[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

ਦੁਸ਼ਮਨ (duśman)

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Classical Persian (dušman), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *dušmánah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dušmánas. Compare Hindustani دشمن / दुश्मन (duśman).

Pronunciation[edit]

(Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /d̪ʊʃᵊ.məɳᵊ/
Rhymes: -əɳᵊ

Noun[edit]

ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ • (duśmaṇ) m (Shahmukhi spelling دشمݨ)

enemy, villain
Synonyms: ਦੋਖੀ (dokhī), ਗਨੀਮ (ganīm), ਲਾਗੂ (lāgū), ਵੈਰੀ (vairī)

Declension[edit]

Declension of ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ
dir. sg.	ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ)
dir. pl.	ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ)
	singular	plural
direct	ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ)	ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ)
oblique	ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ)	ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣਾਂ (duśmaṇā̃)
vocative	ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣਾ (duśmaṇā)	ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣੋ (duśmaṇo)
ablative	ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣੋਂ (duśmaṇõ)	—
locative	ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣੇ (duśmaṇe)	ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣੀਂ (duśmaṇī̃)
instrumental	ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣੇ (duśmaṇe)	ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣੀਂ (duśmaṇī̃)

Further reading[edit]

“ਦੁਸ਼ਮਨ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024

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