دشمن

Azeri

Other scripts
Cyrillic	дүшмән‍
Roman	düşmən‍
Perso-Arabic	‍دوشمن, دشمن‍

Alternative forms

• دوشمان (düşman)

Etymology

From Persian دشمن (dušman).

Noun

دشمن (düşmən), definite accusative دشمنی (düşməni), plural دشمنلر (düşmənlər)

1. enemy

Declension

declension of دشمن

	singular	plural
absolute	دشمن	دشمنلر
definite accusative	دشمنی	دشمنلری
dative	دشمنه	دشمنلره
locative	دشمنده	دشمنلرده
ablative	دشمندن	دشمنلردن
definite genitive	دشمنین	دشمنلرین

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Baluchi

Noun

دشمن (dušman)

1. enemy

See also

• دژمن (dužman)

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Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• دشمان (düşman)

Etymology

From Persian دشمن (došman).

Noun

دشمن (düşmen)

1. enemy, foe

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Persian

Etymology

Old compound from at least Indo-Iranian period originally meaning "evil-minded"; cognate to Sanskrit दुर्मन्मन् (dur-mánman, “evil-minded”), Avestan duž-manah-, duš-manah-, and probably also Ancient Greek formation δυσ-μενής (dus-menḗs, “adverse, bad”).

Component parts are دش (duš-, “evil, bad, ugly”) (from Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”), whence also دزد (dozd, “thief”); cognate with Sanskrit दुस् (dus-, “bad”), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬱 (duš-, “bad”), Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “bad”)), and *man, reflex of Proto-Indo-European *ménos (“mind”) (cognate to Sanskrit मनस् (mánas), Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬋 (manō) and Ancient Greek μένος (menos)).

Old Armenian թշնամի (tʿšnami) is an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA: [doʃˈmæn]

Noun

Dari	دشمن‍
Iranian Persian	دشمن‍
Tajik	‍душман‍

دشمن • (došman), plural دشمنان (došmanân)

1. enemy

Inflection

basic forms of دشمن

	singular	plural
bare	دشمن (došmán)	دشمن‌ها (došman-hấ) دشمنا (došmanấ) (colloquial)
definitive direct object	دشمن را (došmán râ) دشمن رو (došmáno) (colloquial)	دشمن‌ها را (došman-hấ râ) دشمنا رو (došmanấ ro) (colloquial)
ezâfé	دشمن (došmán-e)	دشمن‌های (došman-hấ-ye) دشمنای (došmanấ-ye) (colloquial)
marked indefinite, relative definite	دشمنی (došmán-i)	دشمن‌هایی (došman-hấ-i) دشمنایی (došmanấi) (colloquial)

possessive forms of دشمن

	singular	plural
1st person singular (my)	دشمنم (došmánam)	دشمن‌هایم (došman-hấyam) دشمن‌هام، دشمنام (došmanấm) (colloquial)
2nd person singular (your)	دشمنت (došmánat) (došmánet) (colloquial)	دشمن‌هایت (došman-hấyat) دشمن‌هات، دشمنات (došmanất) (colloquial)
3rd person singular (his/her/its)	دشمنش (došmánaš) (došmáneš) (colloquial)	دشمن‌هایش (došman-hấyaš) دشمن‌هاش، دشمناش (došmanấš) (colloquial)
1st person plural (our)	دشمنمان (došmánemân) دشمنمون (došmánemun) (colloquial)	دشمن‌هایمان (došman-hấyemân) دشمن‌هامون، دشمنامون (došmanấmun) (colloquial)
2nd person plural (your)	دشمنتان (došmánetân) دشمنتون (došmánetun) (colloquial)	دشمن‌هایتان (došman-hấyetân) دشمن‌هاتون، دشمناتون (došmanấtun) (colloquial)
3rd person plural (their)	دشمنشان (došmánešân) دشمنشون (došmánešun) (colloquial)	دشمن‌هایشان (došman-hấyešân) دشمن‌هاشون، دشمناشون (došmanấšun) (colloquial)

predicative forms of دشمن

	singular	plural
1st person (I am/we are)	دشمنم (došmánam)	دشمنیم (došmánim)
2nd person (you are)	دشمنی (došmáni)	دشمنید (došmánid) دشمنین (došmánin) (colloquial)
3rd person (he, she, it is/they are)	دشمن است (došmán ast) دشمنه (došmáne) (colloquial)	دشمنند (došmánand) دشمنن (došmánan) (colloquial)

Derived terms

• دشمنی (došmani)

Antonyms

• دوست (dust)

Descendants

Armenian: դուշման (dušman) Azeri: дүшмән / düşmən Bashkir: дошман Bengali: দুশমন (duśman) Bulgarian: душманин Hindi: दुश्मन (duśman) Ottoman Turkish: دشمان (düşman), دشمن (düşmen) Turkish: düşman Marathi: दुशमन (duśman)

Nepali: दुस्मन (dusman), दुश्मन (duśman) Punjabi: ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), ਦੁਸਮਣ (dusmaṇ) Romanian: dușman, dușmancă Russian: душман (dušmán) Santali: ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusman) Serbo-Croatian: душман / dušman Turkmen: душман / duşman Urdu: دشمن (duśman) Uzbek: душман / dushman

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Urdu

Etymology

From Persian دشمن (došman).

Noun

دشمن • (duśman) m, Hindi spelling दुश्मन

1. enemy, foe

Related terms

• دشمنی (duśmanī)