კალმახი

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Georgian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Armenian կարմրախայտ (karmraxayt, trout, literally red-spotted).[2][3][4][5]

The Proto-Kartvelian *ḳalmax- (fish) reconstructed by some[6][7][8] within the controversial Nostratic theory is based on the Svan alone, does not take into consideration the Armenian material, and is unreliable.[5][9]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /kʼalmaxi/, [kʼalmaχi]
  • Hyphenation: კალ‧მა‧ხი

Noun[edit]

კალმახი (ḳalmaxi) (plural კალმახები)

  1. trout

Inflection[edit]

.Georgian.inflection-table tr:hover
{
	background-color:#EBEBEB;
}

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Orbeliani, Sulxan-Saba (1685–1716) “კალმახი”, in S. Iordanišvili, editor, Siṭq̇vis ḳona kartuli, romel ars leksiḳoni [Collection of Georgian words, that is a dictionary]‎[1], Tbilisi: Georgian SSR print, published 1949, page 159
  2. ^ Marr, N. (1910) “კალმახა”, in Грамматика чанского (лазского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Chan (Laz) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 2) (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 151a
  3. ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կարմիր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 559a
  4. ^ Ġapʻancʻyan, Grigor (1961) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun. Hin šrǰan [History of the Armenian Language. Ancient Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 89
  5. 5.0 5.1 Климов, Г. А. (1963) “Об этимологической методике Карла Боуды (На материале кавказских языков) [On the etymological method of Karl Bouda (Based on the material of Caucasian languages)]”, in Этимология[2], Moscow: Nauka, page 272 of 268–274
  6. ^ Vladislav Illich-Svitych (1967) “Материалы к сравнительному словарю ностратических языков (индоевропейский, алтайский, уральский, дравидский, картвельский, семитохамитский) [Materials for a Comparative Dictionary of the Nostratic Languages (Indo-European, Altaic, Uralic, Dravidian, Kartvelian, Semito-Hamitic)]”, in Этимология 1965: Материалы и исследования по индоевропейским и другим языкам, Moscow, page 362:рыба¹ *ḳolʌ
  7. ^ Starostin, S. A. (2005) “*ḳalmax-”, in Kartvelian etymological database compiled on the basis of G. Klimov's and Fähnrich-Sarjveladze's etymological dictionaries of Kartvelian languages, based on Иллич-Свитыч
  8. ^ Starostin, S. A. (2007) “Subgrouping of Nostratic: comments on Aharon Dolgopolsky's «The Nostratic Macrofamily and Linguistic Paleontology»”, in Starostin, G. S., editor, Trudy po jazykoznaniju [Proceedings in Linguistics]‎[3] (in Russian), Moscow: Jazyki slavjanskix kulʹtur, →ISBN, page 762
  9. ^ Starostin, S. A. (2007) “Problema genetičeskovo rodstva i klassifikacii kavkazskix jazykov s točki zrenija bazisnoj leksiki”, in Starostin, G. S., editor, Trudy po jazykoznaniju [Proceedings in Linguistics]‎[4] (in Russian), Moscow: Jazyki slavjanskix kulʹtur, →ISBN, page 539, remarking that the etymology of the Svan word is uncertain and that no Proto-Kartvelian form is reconstructible

Laz[edit]

Noun[edit]

კალმახი (ǩalmaxi)

  1. Alternative form of კალმახა (ǩalmaxa)

Mingrelian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Georgian კალმახი (ḳalmaxi), კალმახა (ḳalmaxa), ultimately from Old Armenian կարմրախայտ (karmraxayt).

Noun[edit]

კალმახი (ḳalmaxi) (plural კალმახეფი)

  1. trout

Derived terms[edit]

Adjective[edit]

კალმახი (ḳalmaxi)

  1. (figuratively, of a person) very beautiful

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kajaia, Otar (2005) “კალმახი”, in Megrul-kartuli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian–Georgian Dictionary], online version prepared by Joost Gippert, Frankfurt am Main, published 2001–2004, page 661
  • Kipšidze, Iosif (1914) “კალმახი”, in Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Mingrelian (Iverian) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 7)‎[5] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 251b
  • Ġapʻancʻyan, Grigor (1961) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun. Hin šrǰan [History of the Armenian Language. Ancient Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 89