斗膽

See also: 斗胆

Chinese

		dipper	the gall; the nerve; courage the gall; the nerve; courage; guts; gall bladder
trad. (斗膽)		斗	膽
simp. (斗胆)		斗	胆

Etymology

Literally meaning to have a gallbladder as big as a dipper. The ancient Chinese believed that having courage was related to having a big gallbladder.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dǒudǎn

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄡˇ ㄉㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dau² daam²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): téu-tám
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tió-tám / tó͘-tám

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dǒudǎn [Phonetic: dóudǎn]
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˇ ㄉㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dǒudǎn
    • Wade–Giles: tou³-tan³
    • Yale: dǒu-dǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dooudaan
    • Palladius: доудань (doudanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: dau² daam²
    • Yale: dáu dáam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dau² daam²
    • Guangdong Romanization: deo² dam²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐu̯³⁵ taːm³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: téu-tám
    • Hakka Romanization System: deu` dam`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: deu³ dam³
    • Sinological IPA: /teu̯³¹ tam³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tió-tám
    • Tâi-lô: tió-tám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dioy'darm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tam⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tó͘-tám
    • Tâi-lô: tóo-tám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dofdarm
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tam⁵³/

Verb

斗膽

1. (humble) it is presumptuous of me to (suggest, mention); to have the courage to