숨가쁘다

Korean

Etymology

Univerbation of 숨 (sum, “breath”) +‎ 가쁘다 (gappeuda, “to be short of breath”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈsʰu(ː)mɡa̠p͈ɯda̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [숨(ː)가쁘다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	sumgappeuda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	sumga'ppeuda
McCune–Reischauer?	sumgappŭda
Yale Romanization?	swūmka.pputa

Verb

숨가쁘다 • (sumgappeuda) (infinitive 숨가빠, sequential 숨가쁘니)

1. to be out of breath

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 숨가쁘다 (sumgappeuda): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	숨가쁜다 sumgappeunda	숨가빠 sumgappa	숨가빠요 sumgappayo	숨가쁩니다 sumgappeumnida
	Past	숨가빴다 sumgappatda	숨가빴어 sumgappasseo	숨가빴어요 sumgappasseoyo	숨가빴습니다 sumgappatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	숨가쁘느냐 sumgappeuneunya	숨가빠 sumgappa	숨가빠요 sumgappayo	숨가쁩니까 sumgappeumnikka
	Past	숨가빴느냐 sumgappanneunya	숨가빴어 sumgappasseo	숨가빴어요 sumgappasseoyo	숨가빴습니까 sumgappatseumnikka
Hortative		숨가쁘자 sumgappeuja	숨가빠 sumgappa	숨가빠요 sumgappayo	숨가쁘십시다 sumgappeusipsida
Imperative		숨가빠라 sumgappara	숨가빠 sumgappa	숨가빠요 sumgappayo	숨가쁩시오 sumgappeupsio
Assertive		숨가쁘겠다 sumgappeugetda	숨가쁘겠어 sumgappeugesseo	숨가쁘겠어요 sumgappeugesseoyo	숨가쁘겠습니다 sumgappeugetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		숨가빠 sumgappa	숨가빠서 sumgappaseo	숨가쁘니 sumgappeuni	숨가쁘니까 sumgappeunikka
Contrast		숨가쁘지만 sumgappeujiman	숨가쁘는데 sumgappeuneunde	숨가쁘더니 sumgappeudeoni
Conjunction		숨가쁘고 sumgappeugo
Condition		숨가쁘면 sumgappeumyeon	숨가빠야 sumgappaya
Motive		숨가쁘려고 sumgappeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		숨가쁨 sumgappeum	숨가쁘기 sumgappeugi
Past-tense verbal nouns		숨가빴음 sumgappasseum	숨가빴기 sumgappatgi
Determiners	Past	숨가쁜 sumgappeun
	Present	숨가쁘는 sumgappeuneun
	Future	숨가쁠 sumgappeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	숨가쁘신다 sumgappeusinda	숨가쁘셔 sumgappeusyeo	숨가쁘세요, 숨가쁘셔요 sumgappeuseyo, sumgappeusyeoyo	숨가쁘십니다 sumgappeusimnida
	Past	숨가쁘셨다 sumgappeusyeotda	숨가쁘셨어 sumgappeusyeosseo	숨가쁘셨어요 sumgappeusyeosseoyo	숨가쁘셨습니다 sumgappeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	숨가쁘시느냐 sumgappeusineunya	숨가쁘셔 sumgappeusyeo	숨가쁘세요, 숨가쁘셔요 sumgappeuseyo, sumgappeusyeoyo	숨가쁘십니까 sumgappeusimnikka
	Past	숨가쁘셨느냐 sumgappeusyeonneunya	숨가쁘셨어 sumgappeusyeosseo	숨가쁘셨어요 sumgappeusyeosseoyo	숨가쁘셨습니까 sumgappeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		숨가쁘시라 sumgappeusira	숨가쁘셔 sumgappeusyeo	숨가쁘세요 sumgappeuseyo	숨가쁘십시오 sumgappeusipsio
Assertive		숨가쁘시겠다 sumgappeusigetda	숨가쁘시겠어 sumgappeusigesseo	숨가쁘시겠어요 sumgappeusigesseoyo	숨가쁘시겠습니다 sumgappeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		숨가쁘셔 sumgappeusyeo	숨가쁘셔서 sumgappeusyeoseo	숨가쁘시니 sumgappeusini	숨가쁘시니까 sumgappeusinikka
Contrast		숨가쁘시지만 sumgappeusijiman	숨가쁘시는데 sumgappeusineunde	숨가쁘시더니 sumgappeusideoni
Conjunction		숨가쁘시고 sumgappeusigo
Condition		숨가쁘시면 sumgappeusimyeon	숨가쁘셔야 sumgappeusyeoya
Motive		숨가쁘시려고 sumgappeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		숨가쁘심 sumgappeusim	숨가쁘시기 sumgappeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		숨가쁘셨음 sumgappeusyeosseum	숨가쁘셨기 sumgappeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	숨가쁘신 sumgappeusin
	Present	숨가쁘시는 sumgappeusineun
	Future	숨가쁘실 sumgappeusil