𐌇𐌀𐌐𐌉𐌍𐌀𐌚

Umbrian

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Italic *agʷn-īnā f (“ewe lamb”), akin to Latin agnus (“lamb, kid”), with dissimilative loss of the first */-n-/ and unetymological /h-/ possibly emerged by influence of a hypothetical *hedīn-o- (“kid, young goat”), suffixed cognate of Latin haedus (“kid”), attested as Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽 (gaitein, “kid”).

Alternatively from Proto-Italic *fab-īnā f (literally “related to fava beans”). Animals were fed fava beans to facilitate their pregnancy, so this would identify the habina as a breeding animal, probably a sow. The /h-/ is not an expected outcome, and would imply the term to be borrowed from a neighboring Italic variety: compare Faliscan haba. See also felsva.

Only attested in the plural.

Noun

𐌇𐌀𐌐𐌉𐌍𐌀𐌚 • (hapinaf) f (early Iguvine) (accusative plural)

1. sacrificial animal, most likely ewe lamb. See etymology.
   • early 2^nd century BCE, Iguvine Tablets, table I, side A (photo; facsimile), lines 24:

     ²⁴ 𐌐𐌖𐌔𐌅𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌔⁚​𐌅𐌄𐌇𐌉𐌉𐌄𐌔⁚​𐌕𐌓𐌄𐌚⁚​𐌇𐌀𐌐𐌉𐌍𐌀𐌚⁚​𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​𐌕𐌄𐌚𐌓𐌄⁚​𐌉𐌖𐌅𐌉𐌄⁚​

     pusveres vehiies tref hapinaf fetu tefre iuvie

     Behind the Vehian gate sacrifice three ewe lambs to Tefer Jovius.

Attested forms

• (accusative plural) e.Ig. 𐌇𐌀𐌐𐌉𐌍𐌀𐌚 (hapinaf), 𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌉𐌍𐌀 (habina); l.Ig. habina
• (genitive plural) e.Ig. 𐌇𐌀𐌐𐌉𐌍𐌀𐌓𐌖 (hapinaru)