𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ 𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (aukan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaˈɔːkan/

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 • (gaaukan) (perfective)

1. (hapax) to abound
   • 1 Thessalonians 4:1:

     𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌿 𐌽𐌿, 𐌱𐍂𐍉𐌸𐍂𐌾𐌿𐍃, 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌼 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼 𐌹𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐌰, 𐌴𐌹 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌽𐌴𐌼𐌿𐌸 𐌰𐍄 𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌿𐌸 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌰, 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃.

     þannu nu, brōþrjus, anahaitam bidai izwis jah bidjam in fraujin iēsua, ei swaswē andnēmuþ at uns ƕaiwa skuluþ gaggan jah galeikan guda, swaswē jah gaggaiþ jah gaaukaiþ mais.

     Furthermore then we beseech you, brethren, and exhort you by the Lord Jesus, that as ye have received of us how ye ought to walk and to please God, so ye would abound more and more. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 7 strong
Infinitive	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 gaaukan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰 gaauka	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺 gaaiauk	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰 gaaukada
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌹𐍃 gaaukis	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄 gaaiauht	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌶𐌰 gaaukaza
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌹𐌸 gaaukiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺 gaaiauk	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰 gaaukada
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐍉𐍃 gaaukōs	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌿 gaaiauku	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍃 gaaukats	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌿𐍄𐍃 gaaiaukuts	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌼 gaaukam	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌿𐌼 gaaiaukum	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gaaukanda
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌹𐌸 gaaukiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌿𐌸 gaaiaukuþ	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gaaukanda
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳 gaaukand	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌿𐌽 gaaiaukun	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gaaukanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌿 gaaukau	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌿 gaaiaukjau	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaaukaidau
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃 gaaukais	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 gaaiaukeis	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gaaukaizau
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹 gaaukai	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌹 gaaiauki	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaaukaidau
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gaaukaiwa	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gaaiaukeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gaaukaits	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gaaiaukeits	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gaaukaima	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gaaiaukeima	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaaukaindau
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌸 gaaukaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌸 gaaiaukeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaaukaindau
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gaaukaina	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gaaiaukeina	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaaukaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺 gaauk
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaaukadau
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍃 gaaukats
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌹𐌸 gaaukiþ
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaaukandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gaaukands	𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍃 gaaukans

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 14