𐰾𐰤

Old Turkic

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sen (“thou”). Cognate with Chuvash эсӗ (es̬ĕ), Khalaj sən, Karakhanid سَنْ (sen, “you”), Turkish sen (“you”), -sin, Uzbek sen, Bashkir һин (hin), Yakut эн (en).

Pronoun

𐰾𐰤 (sen)

1. the second person singular pronoun

Suffix

𐰾𐰤 (sen)

1. Denotes second person singular or plural after certain verb tenses.

   𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰲𐰃:𐰾𐰤 ― ölteči:sen ― You will die.

2. Denotes "to be" for second person singular or plural

   𐰺𐰴𐰴:𐰾𐰤 ― arquq:sen ― You are stubborn.

Alternative forms

• 𐰾𐰃𐰤 (sén)

Declension

Declension of 𐰾𐰤

	singular
nominative	𐰾𐰤 (sen)
accusative	𐰾𐰃𐰤𐰃 (séni)
genitive	𐰾𐰤𐰭 (seniŋ)
dative-locative	𐰽𐰭𐰀 (saŋa)
locative-ablative	𐰾𐰦𐰀 (sente)
ablative	𐰾𐰦𐰤 (sentin)
allative	𐰽𐰭𐰺𐰆 (saŋaru)
equative	𐰾𐰨𐰀 (senče)
instrumental	𐰾𐰤𐰃𐰤 (senin)

See also

Old Turkic personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		𐰋𐰤 (ben), 𐰢𐰤 (men)	𐰋𐰃𐰕 (biz)
2nd person		𐰾𐰤 (sen)	𐰾𐰃𐰕 (siz)
3rd person		𐰆𐰞 (ol)

References

• Tekin, Talât (1968) “sän”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 367
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “sen”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 831
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*sẹ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Etymology 2

Inherited from Common Turkic *esen (“sound, safe”). Cognate with Old Uyghur “s’n (esen), Turkish esen, Uzbek eson, Bashkir иҫән (iśən), Khakas изен (izen).

Adjective

𐰾𐰤 (esen)

1. healthy, safe, sound
   • 9th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 27

     𐰾𐰤:𐱅𐰇𐰜𐰠:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰢𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐱅𐰃𐰼

     esen:tükel:bolmïš:tér

     (Thus, the sheep) became safe and sound, it says.

References

• Tekin, Talât (1993) “(ä)s(ä)n”, in Irk Bitig: The Book of Omens, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 54
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “esen”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 248