Appendix:Navajo pronunciation

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Navajo pronunciations in Wiktionary entries.

See Navajo phonology for detailed discussion of the phonology of Navajo.

Consonants
IPA	Navajo orthography	Approximations in English or another European language
ʔ	ʼ (not written word-initially)	_uh-_oh
ɣ	gh	Spanish luego
ɣʷ	w gh (before o)	Spanish agua
j	y	yam
k	g	scan
kʰ	k	backhand (Aspirated consonant)
kʷʰ	kw k (before o)	back wheel (heavily aspirated)
kʼ	kʼ	None; see Ejective consonant
l	l	lamb
ɬ	ł	Welsh llan
m	m	man
n	n	nan
p	b	span
pʰ	p	top hand (heavily aspirated)
s	s	Sam
ʃ	sh	sham
t	d	Stan
tʰ	t	hot hand (heavily aspirated)
tʼ	tʼ	None; see Ejective consonant
t͡l	dl	Atlantic
t͡ɬʰ	tł	Welsh tlws
t͡ɬʼ	tłʼ	None; see Ejective consonant
t͡s	dz	hats
t͡sʰ	ts	hits hard (heavily apirated)
t͡sʼ	tsʼ	None; see Ejective consonant
t͡ʃ	j	eschew
t͡ʃʰ	ch	hitchhiker (heavily apirated)
t͡ʃʼ	chʼ	None; see Ejective consonant
x	h x (after g, s, ts, z)	loch (Scottish English)
xʷ	hw h (before o)	Spanish juego
z	z	zap
ʒ	zh	measure

Vowels and syllabic consonant
IPA	Navajo orthography	Approximation in English or another European language
ɑ	a	pot (General American)
ɑː	aa	father
ɑ̃	ą	French vente (short)
ɑ̃ː	ąą	French vent (long)
ɛ	e	best
eː	ee	pay
ɛ̃	ę	French sainte (short)
ẽː	ęę	Portuguese bem (long)
ɪ	i	kit
iː	ii	bee
ɪ̃	į	lint
ĩː	įį	Portuguese vim (long)
n̩	n	button
o	o	goat
oː	oo	mowed
õ	ǫ	Portuguese ponte (short)
õː	ǫǫ	Portuguese bom (long)

Notes[edit]