Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrītaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *wreyd-.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈwriː.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb[edit]

*wrītaną^[1]^[2]

to scratch, carve
Synonym: *hrītaną
to engrave, inscribe, write
Synonym: *skrībaną

Inflection[edit]

Conjugation of *wrītaną (strong class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*wrītō	*wrītaų	—	*wrītai	?
2nd singular	*wrītizi	*wrītaiz	*wrīt	*wrītazai	*wrītaizau
3rd singular	*wrītidi	*wrītai	*wrītadau	*wrītadai	*wrītaidau
1st dual	*wrītōz	*wrītaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wrītadiz	*wrītaidiz	*wrītadiz	—	—
1st plural	*wrītamaz	*wrītaim	—	*wrītandai	*wrītaindau
2nd plural	*wrītid	*wrītaid	*wrītid	*wrītandai	*wrītaindau
3rd plural	*wrītandi	*wrītain	*wrītandau	*wrītandai	*wrītaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wrait	*writį̄
2nd singular	*wraist	*writīz
3rd singular	*wrait	*writī
1st dual	*writū	*writīw
2nd dual	*writudiz	*writīdiz
1st plural	*writum	*writīm
2nd plural	*writud	*writīd
3rd plural	*writun	*writīn

	present	past
participles	*wrītandz	*writanaz

Related terms[edit]

*writtōną

Descendants[edit]

Proto-West Germanic: *wrītan
- Old English: wrītan
  - Middle English: writen
    - English: write
    - Scots: writ, wryte, wret
- Old Frisian: wrīta
  - Saterland Frisian: riete
  - West Frisian: write
- Old Saxon: wrītan
  - Middle Low German: wrîten
    - German Low German: rieten
    - Low German: rieten, reeten (Westmünsterland)
- Old Dutch: *wrītan
  - Middle Dutch: writen
    - Dutch: wrijten
- Old High German: rīzan, ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏ (wrait),^[3] ᚹᚱᚨᛖᛏ (wraet)^[4]
  - Middle High German: rīzen
    - German: reißen
      - → Danish: ridse
    - Luxembourgish: räissen
    - → Polish: rysować
      - → Russian: рисова́ть (risovátʹ)
Proto-Norse: ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏᚨ (wraita),^[5] ᚹᚨᚱᛡᛁᛏ (warᴀit), ᚹᚨᚱᛁᛏᚢ (waritu)
- Old Norse: ríta; rita
  - Icelandic: rita
  - Faroese: rita
  - Norwegian: rita
  - Old Swedish: rita
    - Swedish: rita

References[edit]

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wrītan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 596-597
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*wrītanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 473
^ MacLeod, Mindy, Mees, Bernard (2006) Runic Amulets and Magic Objects, Boydell Press, →ISBN, page 46
^ Ibid., p. 49.
^ Elmer H., Antonsen (2002) Runes and Germanic Linguistics (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs), volume 140, Berlin, New York: Mouton De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 27

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wrītan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 596-597

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*wrītanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 473

[3] MacLeod, Mindy, Mees, Bernard (2006) Runic Amulets and Magic Objects, Boydell Press, →ISBN, page 46

[4] Ibid., p. 49.

[5] Elmer H., Antonsen (2002) Runes and Germanic Linguistics (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs), volume 140, Berlin, New York: Mouton De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 27

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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrītaną

Contents

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

Inflection[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrītaną

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

Inflection[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

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