Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rusъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *rudsъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *raudsas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰ-s-o-, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Morphologically *rud- +‎ *-sъ.

Compare Baltic: Lithuanian raũsvas, rùsvas, rusė́ti, ruslės, Latvian rusls, rûsa.

Compare Indo-European: Latin russus.

Adjective

*rusъ

1. fair, blonde (of hair)
2. yellow, red, light-colored

Declension

Indefinite declension of *rusъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*rusъ	*rusa	*ruso
genitive	*rusa	*rusy	*rusa
dative	*rusu	*rusě	*rusu
accusative	*rusъ	*rusǫ	*ruso
instrumental	*rusomь	*rusojǫ	*rusomь
locative	*rusě	*rusě	*rusě
vocative	*ruse	*ruso	*ruso
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*rusa	*rusě	*rusě
genitive	*rusu	*rusu	*rusu
dative	*rusoma	*rusama	*rusoma
accusative	*rusa	*rusě	*rusě
instrumental	*rusoma	*rusama	*rusoma
locative	*rusu	*rusu	*rusu
vocative	*rusa	*rusě	*rusě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*rusi	*rusy	*rusa
genitive	*rusъ	*rusъ	*rusъ
dative	*rusomъ	*rusamъ	*rusomъ
accusative	*rusy	*rusy	*rusa
instrumental	*rusy	*rusami	*rusy
locative	*rusěxъ	*rusaxъ	*rusěxъ
vocative	*rusi	*rusy	*rusa

Definite declension of *rusъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*rusъjь	*rusaja	*rusoje
genitive	*rusajego	*rusyję̇	*rusajego
dative	*rusujemu	*rusěji	*rusujemu
accusative	*rusъjь	*rusǫjǫ	*rusoje
instrumental	*rusyjimь	*rusǫjǫ	*rusyjimь
locative	*rusějemь	*rusěji	*rusějemь
vocative	*rusъjь	*rusaja	*rusoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*rusaja	*rusěji	*rusěji
genitive	*rusuju	*rusuju	*rusuju
dative	*rusyjima	*rusyjima	*rusyjima
accusative	*rusaja	*rusěji	*rusěji
instrumental	*rusyjima	*rusyjima	*rusyjima
locative	*rusuju	*rusuju	*rusuju
vocative	*rusaja	*rusěji	*rusěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*rusiji	*rusyję̇	*rusaja
genitive	*rusъjixъ	*rusъjixъ	*rusъjixъ
dative	*rusyjimъ	*rusyjimъ	*rusyjimъ
accusative	*rusyję̇	*rusyję̇	*rusaja
instrumental	*rusyjimi	*rusyjimi	*rusyjimi
locative	*rusyjixъ	*rusyjixъ	*rusyjixъ
vocative	*rusiji	*rusyję̇	*rusaja

Related terms

• *rudъ (“red; ginger; brown”, adj.)
  • *ruda (“ore”)
• *rusъ < *rudsъ (adj.)
• *ruměnъ < *rudměnъ (adj.)
• *rъděti (“to be red; redden”)
• *rъdrъ (“red, red-haired”, adj.)
• *rъďa (“rust”)
• *ryďь (“ginger”, adj.)

Descendants

• Church Slavonic: русъ (rusŭ) (Serbian)

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: русъ (rusŭ)
    • Belarusian: ру́сы (rúsy)
    • Russian: ру́сый (rúsyj)
    • Ukrainian: ру́сий (rúsyj)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: роусъ (rusŭ)

    Glagolitic: ⱃⱆⱄⱏ (rusŭ)

  • Bulgarian: рус (rus)
  • Macedonian: рус (rus)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ру̏с

    Latin script: rȕs

  • Slovene: rȗs
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: rusý (literary), rysý (obsolete)
  • Polish: rusy
  • Slovak: rusý

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “русый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “руда”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 246
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “русый”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa