Reconstruction:Proto-Algonquian/meskwi

This Proto-Algonquian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Algonquian

Noun

*meskwi

1. blood
2. red

Descendants

• Plains Algonquian:
  • Blackfoot: mawk'sinum (“red”)
  • Arapaho: bé' (“red”)
  • Nawathinehena: maoxtaheini (“red”)
  • Gros Ventre: baxa'aⁿ (“red”)
  • Cheyenne: ma'- (“red”), ma'e (“blood”)
• Central Algonquian:
  • Cree: mihko/ᒥᐦᑯ (mihko, “blood; red”)
    • Plains Cree: mihko, ᒥᐦᑯ (“blood”)
    • Northern East Cree: mihkw, ᒥᐦᒄ (mihkw, “blood”)
    • Southern East Cree: mihkw, ᒥᐦᒄ (mihkw, “blood”)
    • Naskapi: miihkw (“blood”), miihkwaaw (“it is red”)
  • Menominee: mɛhki·h (“blood”), mɛhki·w (“it is red”)
  • Ottawa: mskwi
  • Ojibwe: miskwi (“blood”), miskwaa (“it is red”)
  • Eastern Ojibwa: mskwi
  • Northwestern Ojibwa: miskwi
  • Potawatomi: mskwe' (“blood”), me'skwak (“red”)
  • Fox: meshkothiwa (“be red”)
  • Kickapoo: meskwi
  • Miami: (ni)mehkoma (“(my) vein, pulse”)
  • Shawnee: mškwi
• Eastern Algonquian:
  • Mi'kmaq: megwe'g (“red”)
  • Abenaki: m(s)kwi (“red”)
  • Malecite-Passamaquoddy: mqeyu (“she, he or it is red”) (n-mihkw-ey (“I am red”), mkw-eyo (“he is red”))
  • Massachusett: musquéheonk (“blood”), musquè (“it is red”)
  • Mohegan-Pequot: musqi (“blood”), musqisu- (“he is red”)
  • Penobscot: mehkʷi- (“red”)
  • Quiripi: sqúayo (“red”) (Unquachog)
  • Unami: hmukw (“blood”), màxksu (“she or he is red”)

References

• James A. Geary, Proto-Algonquian *çk: Further Examples, in Language, volume 17, number 4 (October - December 1941), pages 304-310: *meçkw-
• Algonquian Linguistics, volume 4 (1978), page 17: *meskwi
• Papers of the ninth Algonquian Conference (edited by William Cowan; 1978), page 133: *meskwi 'red'
• Goddard (1982)
• Berman, Howard (1992) “A Restriction on the Shape of Proto-Algonquian Nouns”, in International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 58, number 3, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, →JSTOR: *meçkwi
• Marc Picard, Principles and Methods in Historical Phonology: From Proto-Algonkian to Arapaho →ISBN, 1994), page 99: *meskwi 'red'; *meskwaaki 'when it is red'
• Costa, David J. (2003) The Miami-Illinois Language (Studies in the Native Languages of the Americas), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN: *meçkw-