Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/orja

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Permic *orja, for which two different Proto-Indo-European etymologies have been proposed. Cognates include Erzya уре (uŕe), Moksha уре (uŕe), possibly Proto-Samic *oarjē (“south”).

Noun

*orja

1. slave
2. servant

Inflection

Inflection of *orja

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*orja	*orjat
accusative		*orjan	*orjat
genitive		*orjan	*orjadën *orjëidën
partitive		*orjada	*orjëida
inessive		*orjassa *orjahna	*orjëissa *orjëihna
elative		*orjasta	*orjëista
illative		*orjahën	*orjëihën
adessive		*orjalla	*orjëilla
ablative		*orjalta	*orjëilta
allative		*orjalën *orjalëk	*orjëilën *orjëilëk
essive		*orjana	*orjëina
translative		*orjaksi	*orjëiksi
instructive		*orjan	*orjëin
comitative		*orjanëk	*orjëinëk
abessive		*orjatta	*orjëitta

Descendants

• Estonian: ori
• Finnish: orja
• Ingrian: orja
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: orja
  • South Karelian: orja
• Livonian: vȱŗa (“holder for a shingles burnt for lighting”)
• Livvi: orja
• Veps: orj
• Võro: ori
• Votic: orjõ

Further reading

• “ori”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN