Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/sappi

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *säppä. The development *ä-ä > *a-i is found in most applicable words of Uralic or Finno-Ugric pedigree, such as *talvi, *pooli, *loomi, and according to Zhivlov (2014), it is perhaps regular.

Noun

*sappi

1. gall, bile
2. halo

Inflection

Inflection of *sappi

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*sappi	*sap'ët
accusative		*sap'ën	*sap'ët
genitive		*sap'ën	*sappëdën *sappidën
partitive		*sappëda	*sappida
inessive		*sap'ëssa *sap'ëhna	*sap'issa *sap'ihna
elative		*sap'ësta	*sap'ista
illative		*sappëhën	*sappihën
adessive		*sap'ëlla	*sap'illa
ablative		*sap'ëlta	*sap'ilta
allative		*sappëlën *sappëlëk	*sappilën *sappilëk
essive		*sappëna	*sappina
translative		*sap'ëksi	*sap'iksi
instructive		*sap'ën	*sap'in
comitative		*sappënëk	*sappinëk
abessive		*sap'ëtta	*sap'itta

Descendants

• Estonian: sapp
• Finnish: sappi
• Ingrian: sappi
• Karelian: sappi, šappi
• Livonian: zäp
• Livvi: sappi
• Ludian: sap
• Veps: sap
• Võro: sapp
• Votic: sappi

References

• “sapp”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
• Zhivlov, Mikhail. 2014. "Studies in Uralic vocalism III". In Journal of Language Relationship 12, pp. 113–148.