Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dugunþō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From unattested *dugunþaz (“productive, useful, strong”) +‎ *-ō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéwgʰ-ont-s ~ *dʰugʰ-n̥t-és, from *dʰewgʰ- (“to be productive, useful; to be strong”) +‎ *-onts.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdu.ɣun.θɔː/

Noun

*dugunþō f

1. ability, usefulness, strength
2. virtue, strength of character

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *dugunþō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*dugunþō	*dugunþôz
vocative	*dugunþō	*dugunþôz
accusative	*dugunþǭ	*dugunþōz
genitive	*dugunþōz	*dugunþǫ̂
dative	*dugunþōi	*dugunþōmaz
instrumental	*dugunþō	*dugunþōmiz

Synonyms

• *dugiþō

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *dugunþu, *dugunþi
  • Old English: duguþ
    • Middle English: douthe, douth, douþe, duthe; doȝeðe, dugeð, duȝde, duȝeðe, duȝeþe, duheðe, duhþe, duweðe
      • English: douth
      • Scots: duthe, douth
  • Old Frisian: dugethe, dugede
    • North Frisian: döged, dögd
    • Saterland Frisian: Duugd
    • West Frisian: deugd
  • Old Saxon: *dugund, *dugunt, *duguth
    • Middle Low German: dogent, doget
      • German Low German: Döögde, Döögte, Döögd, Döögt
  • Old Dutch: *dugath, *dugeth
    • Middle Dutch: doget, doghet, duget, dueget
      • Dutch: deugd
        • Afrikaans: deug
  • Old High German: tungundi, tugund, tugind; *dugud (Central German)
    • Middle High German: tugende, tugent; duget, duged (Central German)
      • Alemannic German: Tuugend
      • German: Tugend
        • →? Central Franconian: Dugend, Dujend, Tugend, Tuend
        • →? Luxembourgish: Dugend
      • Rhine Franconian:
        • Palatine German: Tugend
      • Vilamovian: tūgyt
      • Yiddish: טוגענד (tugend)
• Proto-Norse: *ᛞᚢᚷᛁᚦᛟ (*duȝiðō)
  • Old Norse: dygð, dyggð
    • Icelandic: dygð, dyggð
    • Faroese: dygd
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: dygd
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: dygd
    • Elfdalian: dygd
    • Old Swedish: dyghþ
      • Swedish: dygd
    • Old Danish: dyghth
      • Danish: dyd
        • Norwegian Bokmål: dyd
          • → Norwegian Nynorsk: dyd
    • Gutnish: dygd