Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flōdijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *flōduz (“flood”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸlɔː.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*flōdijaną

1. to flood

Inflection

Conjugation of *flōdijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*flōdijō	*flōdijaų	—	*flōdijai	?
2nd singular	*flōdīsi	*flōdijais	*flōdī	*flōdijasai	*flōdijaisau
3rd singular	*flōdīþi	*flōdijai	*flōdijaþau	*flōdijaþai	*flōdijaiþau
1st dual	*flōdijōs	*flōdijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*flōdijaþiz	*flōdijaiþiz	*flōdijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*flōdijamaz	*flōdijaim	—	*flōdijanþai	*flōdijainþau
2nd plural	*flōdīþ	*flōdijaiþ	*flōdīþ	*flōdijanþai	*flōdijainþau
3rd plural	*flōdijanþi	*flōdijain	*flōdijanþau	*flōdijanþai	*flōdijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*flōdidǭ	*flōdidēdį̄
2nd singular	*flōdidēz	*flōdidēdīz
3rd singular	*flōdidē	*flōdidēdī
1st dual	*flōdidēdū	*flōdidēdīw
2nd dual	*flōdidēdudiz	*flōdidēdīdiz
1st plural	*flōdidēdum	*flōdidēdīm
2nd plural	*flōdidēdud	*flōdidēdīd
3rd plural	*flōdidēdun	*flōdidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*flōdijandz	*flōdidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *flōdijan
  • Old English: *flēdan
    • Middle English: fleden
      • Northern Scots: fleed
  • Old Saxon: *flōdian
    • Middle Low German: vlôden, vlö̂den
      • German Low German: floden
  • Old Dutch: *fluoden
    • Middle Dutch: vloeden
      • Dutch: vloeden (nonstandard)
  • Old High German: *fluoten
    • Middle High German: fluoten, vluoten, vlüeten
      • German: fluten
• Old Norse: flǿða
  • Icelandic: flæða
  • Faroese: fløða
  • Norwegian: flø
  • Swedish: flöda
  • Old Danish: fløthæ
    • Danish: fløde (obsolete)