Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/granjōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly related to *grīnaną and *grainōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣrɑn.jɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*granjōną

1. to howl
2. to show one's teeth (in pain or anger)

Inflection

Conjugation of *granjōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*granjō	*granjǭ	—	*granjōi	?
2nd singular	*granjōsi	*granjōs	*granjō	*granjōsai	*granjōsau
3rd singular	*granjōþi	*granjō	*granjōþau	*granjōþai	*granjōþau
1st dual	*granjōs	*granjōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*granjōþiz	*granjōþiz	*granjōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*granjōmaz	*granjōm	—	*granjōnþai	*granjōnþau
2nd plural	*granjōþ	*granjōþ	*granjōþ	*granjōnþai	*granjōnþau
3rd plural	*granjōnþi	*granjōn	*granjōnþau	*granjōnþai	*granjōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*granjōdǭ	*granjōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*granjōdēz	*granjōdēdīz
3rd singular	*granjōdē	*granjōdēdī
1st dual	*granjōdēdū	*granjōdēdīw
2nd dual	*granjōdēdudiz	*granjōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*granjōdēdum	*granjōdēdīm
2nd plural	*granjōdēdud	*granjōdēdīd
3rd plural	*granjōdēdun	*granjōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*granjōndz	*granjōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *grannjōn, *granjōn, *granōn
  • Old English: grennian
    • Middle English: grinnen
      • English: grin
  • Old Saxon: *grenōn, *grennōn
    • Middle Low German: *grēnen, *grennen
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: grēneken, grenneken
  • Old Dutch: *grenon, *grennon
    • Middle Dutch: grēnen
      • Dutch: grinnen
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: grēniken
        • Dutch: greniken, grinniken
  • Old High German: granōn, *grennōn
    • Middle High German: granen, grannen, grennen, grinnen
• Old Norse: grenja
  • Icelandic: grenja
  • Faroese: grenja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: grenje, grenja
  • Swedish: grinna