Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/jehwlą
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Unknown;[1] suggested to be connected to Latin iocus (“a joke, jest”),[2] itself thought to be from Proto-Indo-European *yek- (“to speak”), yet this is semantically unconvincing.[3]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
*jehwlą n[4]
- festivity, celebration
- (in the plural) Yule, literally, “the festivities”
Inflection[edit]
The plural descends from an Indo-European collective noun and shows the original Verner alternant *gw, which later became *w (represented by *u).
| neuter a-stemDeclension of *jehwlą (neuter a-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *jehwlą | *jeulō | |
| vocative | *jehwlą | *jeulō | |
| accusative | *jehwlą | *jeulō | |
| genitive | *jehwlas, *jihwlis | *jeulǫ̂ | |
| dative | *jihwlai | *jeulamaz | |
| instrumental | *jehwlō | *jeulamiz | |
Derived terms[edit]
- *jehwladagaz[5]
- Old English: ġēohheldæġ
- Old Norse: jóladagr
- *jehwlamēnōþz[6]
- Old English: ġēolmōnaþ
- Old Norse: jólmánaðr, jólmánuðr
- Icelandic: jólmánuður, jólamánuður
- Faroese: jólamánaður
- *jehwlijaz[7]
Descendants[edit]
- Old English: ġēol, ġehhol, ġehhel, ġēohol, ġēohel, ġēohhel, iūl, ġiūl, iōl, ġeohhel, ġeochol, ġeohhol, ġeohol
- Proto-Norse: *ᛃᛖᚢᛚᚢ (*jeulu), *ᛖᚢᛚᚢ n pl (*eulu)
- → Proto-Finnic: *juhla
References[edit]
- ^ Torp, Alf (1919) “Jól”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard), page 250
- ^ Bugge, Sophus, editor ((Can we date this quote?)), Arkiv for nordisk filologi, volume IV, Lund: Lund University, →ISBN, page 135
- ^ Hellquist, Elof (1922) “jul”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary][1] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, pages 282-283
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*jexwlan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*jexwla-daʒaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[3], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*jexwla-mēnōþz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[4], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*jexwljaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[5], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 205-206