Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)mewk-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root[edit]

*(s)mewk-^[1]^[2]

to let loose, release
to slip away, escape, flee

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)mewk-‎ (3 c, 0 e)

*sméwk-eti (thematic root present)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *smáwčati^[3]
  - Proto-Iranian: *hmáwčati (see there for further descendants)
*méwk-t ~ muk-ént (athematic root aorist)^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mukatei
  - Proto-Slavic: *mъčati (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hámučat
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hámućat
    - Sanskrit: अमुचत् (ámucat, 3sg.act.aor.)
*méwk-se-ti (*(h₁)se-desiderative)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máwkšati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máwkṣati
    - Sanskrit: मोक्षते (mókṣate, “to free one's self”, 3sg.med.)
      - ⇒ Sanskrit: मोक्ष (mokṣa) (see there for further descendants)
*muk-yé-ti (*yé-present)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mučyáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mućyáti
    - Sanskrit: मुच्यते (múcyate, “be set free, released”, 3sg.med.)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἀπομύσσω (apomússō)
*mu-n-ék-ti ~ *mu-n-k-éti (nasal-infix present)^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *muktei^[4]
  - Latvian: mukt (“knock off, slip”)
  - Lithuanian: mùkti, munkù, mukaũ (“be released, escape”)
  - Proto-Slavic: *mъknǫti^[4]^[2] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *munčáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *munćáti
    - Sanskrit: मुञ्चति (muñcáti, “to free, let loose”)
      - ⇒ Sanskrit: आमुञ्चति (āmuñcáti, “to dress”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *munčáti
    - ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patimunčáti (“to clothe”)
      - Sogdian: (/pət(ī)menǰ-/)
        Buddhist: [script needed] (pt’ym’ync, 3sg.impf.)
        
        Christian: [script needed] (ptmynct, 3sg.pres.), [script needed] (ptymync, 3sg.impf.)
        
        Manichaean: [script needed] (pt’ymync, 3sg.impf.)
  - ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *prámunčati
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *prámunćati
      - Sanskrit: प्रमुञ्चति (prámuñcati, “to untie, loosen”)
    - Proto-Iranian: *frámunčati
      - Sogdian:
        Christian: [script needed] (fr’mnc-, “to divest oneself of, take off”)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: ēmungō
*mí-muk-(h₁)se-ti (i-reduplicated *(h₁)se-desiderative)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mímukšati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mímukṣati
    - Sanskrit: मुमुक्षति (múmukṣati, “to wish to free one's self”)
*muk-tó-s (“released, discharged”)^[2]
- Proto-Albanian: *mukta^[5]
  - Albanian: mut (“excrement”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *muktás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *muktás
    - Sanskrit: मुक्त (muktá, “discharged, freed, loosed”)
      - → Bengali: মুক্ত (mukto)
      - → Hindi: मुक्त (mukt)
      - → Marathi: मुक्त (mukta)
      - → Telugu: ముక్తము (muktamu)

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*meu̯k-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 443-444
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “meug-, meuk-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 744
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “moc”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “mukti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 325
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎^[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 49

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*meu̯k-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 443-444

[IEW-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “meug-, meuk-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 744

[3] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “moc”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[Derksen-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “mukti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 325

[5] Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎^[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 49

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)mewk-

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