Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerh₃-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root[edit]

*gʷerh₃-^[1]^[2]

to swallow, devour, eat

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷerh₃-‎ (16 c, 0 e)

*gʷérh₃-t ~ *gʷr̥h₃-ént (aorist)^[3]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: եկեր (eker, 3sg.)

*gʷérh₃-ti ~ *gʷr̥h₃-énti (athematic root present)

*gʷorh₃-éye-ti (eye-causative)^[2]
- Proto-Italic: *gʷorō^[4]
  - Latin: vorō (“to swallow, devour”) (see there for further descendants)

*gʷe-gʷórh₃-e ~ *gʷe-gʷr̥h₃-ḗr (stative)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagā́rHa
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agā́rHa
    - Sanskrit: जगार (jagā́ra)

*gʷé-gʷorh₃-s-tor ~ *gʷe-gʷr̥h₃-s-n̥tór (s-enlarged e-reduplicated athematic present, middle only)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ágrastar (see there for further descendants)

*gʷr̥h₃-é-ti ("tudati"-type thematic root)^[2]^[5]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Háti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Háti
    - Sanskrit: गिरति (giráti)
  - Proto-Iranian: *gr̥Háti
    - Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (gar^əm)

*gʷi-gʷr̥h₃-sḱé-ti (reduplicate sḱe-present)^[5]
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷigʷrṓskō
  - Ancient Greek: βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat, digest”), ἔβρων (ébrōn, aor. act.), ἐβρώθην (ebrṓthēn, aor. pass.) (see there for further descendants)

*gʷerh₃-tló-m^[5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtlá^[6]
  - Lithuanian: gerklė̃ (“throat, larynx”), (dialectical) gérklę
  - Proto-Slavic: *žerdlò (“throat, mouth”)^[6] (see there for further descendants)

*gʷérh₃-tro-s^[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *kwerþrą (“bait”)^[5] (see there for further descendants)

*gʷerh₃-wéh₂^[7]
- Proto-Germanic: *kwerkō (“throat”)^[7] (see there for further descendants)

*gʷorh₃-éh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷorā́
  - Ancient Greek: βορά (borá, “fodder”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garáH
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garáH
    - Sanskrit: गरा (garā́)

*gʷórh₃-o-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷóros
  - Ancient Greek: βόρος (bóros, “swallowing”)

*gʷorh₃-ó-s^[1]^[3]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Armenian: կեր (ker)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garHás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garHás
    - Sanskrit: गर (gará, “fluid, beverage”)

*gʷo-gʷorh₃-tro-m^[3]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Armenian: կոկորդ (kokord, “throat”)

*gʷr̥h₃-nó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Hnás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Hnás
    - Sanskrit: गीर्ण (gīrṇá, “swallowed, devoured”)

*gʷr̥h₃-tló-m^[8]^[9]
- Proto-Albanian: *gritlā^[9]
  - >? Albanian: grellë (“deep place”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gúrˀtla (“throat”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Albanian: *engranti
- Albanian: ngrënë
  - Albanian: hangër

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g^u̯er-, g^u̯erə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 404
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*g^u̯erh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 211-212
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “ker-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 359-360
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vorō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 690
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwerþra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “gerklė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwerkō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 317
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gъ̀rdlo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 198: “n. o (a) ‘throat’”
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “grellë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 122: “IE *g^u̯r̥tlom”

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g^u̯er-, g^u̯erə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 404

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*g^u̯erh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 211-212

[Martirosyan-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “ker-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 359-360

[4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vorō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 690

[Kroonen_kwerþra-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwerþra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318

[Derksen_gerkle-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “gerklė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172

[Kroonen_kwerko-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwerkō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 317

[8] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gъ̀rdlo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 198: “n. o (a) ‘throat’”

[Orel-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “grellë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 122: “IE *g^u̯r̥tlom”

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerh₃-

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