Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁edʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

Probably from *h₁é.

Particle

*h₁edʰ-

1. unknown

Reconstruction notes

*h₁- is due to Winter's law in Balto-Slavic.

Descendants

• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ed-
  • ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *edīˀnas
    • Proto-Slavic: *edìnъ (from *ed +‎ *inъ}}) (see there for further descendants)
  • ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *edwāˀs
    • Proto-Slavic: *(j)edъva (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic:
  • Old Norse: eitt (“neut. sg. of einn”)
    • Icelandic: eitt
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: eitt
    • Faroese: eitt
    • Swedish: ett
    • Elfdalian: iett
    • Norwegian Bokmål: et
    • Danish: et
  • Old High German:
    • ⇒ Old High German: eddeshwaz (cf. Icelandic eitthvað, Old Dutch iowiht)
      • German: etwas
    • ⇒ Old High German: ëtalīh
      • Middle High German: ëtelich
        • German: etlich
    • ⇒ Middle High German: ettwer, eteswer, etewer, etswer
      • German: etwer
• >? Proto-Italic: *ed-
  • Latin: ec- (perhaps from a form that occurs when *ed- is prefixed to a word beginning with letters c/q, cf. how ec- is found in ecce, ecquandō, ecquis)
  • ⇒ Oscan: ekkum (from earlier *ed-kum?)

Etymology 2

Possibly a substrate borrowing. Or borrowed independently into some branches. The root is rejected by Genaust.

Root

*h₁edʰ-

2. sharp, pointy

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁edʰ-‎ (1 c, 0 e)

• *h₁edʰ-l-
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *edlis
    • Proto-Slavic: *edlь (“spruce”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Lithuanian: ẽglė (“spruce”)
    • Latvian: egle (“spruce, fir”)
    • Old Prussian: addle (“spruce, fir”)
  • Latin: ebulum, ebulus
• Unsorted formations:
  • Gaulish: odocos (“elder”)
  • Old High German: attah, attuh (“dwarf-elder, danewort”)
    • German: Attich
  • Lithuanian: ãdata (“needle”), adýti (“to darn”)
  • Latvian: adīt (“to knit”)

References

for Etymology 1:

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 282
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “едва”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

for Etymology 2:

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 289