Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eHs-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Alternative reconstructions[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Appears to be suffixed/extended from the root *h₂eh₁- as found in Palaic [script needed] (hāri), [script needed] (hānta, “to heat up”, intransitive), Proto-Celtic *ā-tis (“furnace, oven”) and PIE *h₂éh₁-tēr (“fire”);[6][7] see also *h₂eh₃- (“to burn, be hot”). Alternatively from *h₂ed-s- with dissimilation; see reconstruction notes.

Root[edit]

*h₂eHs-

  1. to be dry, to dry
  2. to burn, to glow
  3. hearth
  4. ashes

Reconstruction[edit]

The long-vowel forms reflecting *ās- < *HaHs- have been explained as taken from a reduplicated perfect *h₂e-h₂s-, thus *h₂es- could be original, nicely explaining the short vowels.[3][4] However, the morphological motivation for deriving nouns from such a stem *h₂e-h₂s- is unclear (but cf. *kʷé-kʷl-os, *bʰé-bʰr-us).
On the other hand, Kloekhorst argues that Hittite 𒄩𒀀𒀸 (ḫāš, “ash”), 𒄩𒀸𒊭𒀀𒀸 (ḫāššāš, “fireplace, hearth”) (and therefore also Old Latin āsa (“altar”) and cognates) can only reflect *h₂eh₁s-.[8][9] Beekes interprets this *h₂eh₁s- as dissimilated regularly from *h₂ed-s- in pre-PIE, from the root *h₂ed- as found in Hittite 𒄩𒀀𒋾 (ḫāti).[10] To this root, he and Puhvel[11] add Ancient Greek ἄζω (ázō), and Kroonen adds Proto-Germanic *azgǭ.[12]

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eHs-‎ (15 c, 0 e)
  • *h₂eHs-eh₁-(ye)- (stative)[1]
    • Proto-Italic: *āzēō
      • Latin: āreō (“to be dry”)
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian B: asāre (“dried up”, verb)[2]
  • *h₂éH-mr̥ (probably)
  • *h₂éHs-s (root noun)[8]
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Hittite: 𒄩𒀀𒀸 c (ḫāšš-, “ash(es); dust; soap”)
  • *h₂eHs-h₂- (“hearth, fireplace”)[1]
    • Anatolian:
      • Hittite: 𒄩𒀸𒊭𒀀𒀸 c (ḫāššā-, “fireplace, hearth”)[9]
      • Lycian: [script needed] c (xahadi-, “altar”)
    • Proto-Italic: *āzā (“altar”)
      • Old Latin: āsa
        • Latin: āra (see there for further descendants)
      • Oscan: aasa- (“altar”)
  • *h₂s-tḗr (“star”)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Germanic:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáHsas
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáHsas
        • Sanskrit: आस (ā́sa, “ashes, dust”)
      • Proto-Iranian: *HáHhah
        • Ormuri: [script needed] (yānak, “ash”) < *ās-naka-
        • Persian: آهک (âhak, “lime”)
    • Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: asatär (“dries up”)
      • Tocharian B: osotär (“dries up”)
    • Proto-Tocharian: *āstäre (“pure”) (possibly)[13]
    • Proto-Tocharian: *ās-[14]
  • enlarged with a dental
    • Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: հաստեայ (hasteay, “kind of pastry”) (possibly)
      • Old Armenian: ոստին (ostin, “dry”) (possibly)
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Czech: ozditi (“to dry malt”)
      • Old Polish: ozd (“dry malt”)
    • Hellenic:
      • >? Ancient Greek: ἄζω (ázō, “to dry”) (or simply from *h₂ed-ye-[11][10])
    • Indo-Iranian:
      • Iranian:
        • Khotanese: [script needed] (astaucä, “dry land”)
        • → Old Armenian: աստուճ (astuč, “dry (of bread)”)
    • Proto-Italic: *assos (“dried, roasted”)
      • Latin: assus (“roasted, baked”)
  • enlarged with a velar
    • Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: աճիւն (ačiwn, “ashes”)
      • Old Armenian: ազազիմ (azazim, “to grow dry”)
      • Old Armenian: ասկն (askn, “ruby”) (possibly)
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *askǭ (“ash, ashes”) (or from *h₂ed-dʰgʷʰ-?[12]) (see there for further descendants)
    • Hellenic:
    • →? Proto-Finnic: *kaski (“swidden”) (see there for further descendants)

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 49, 53, 58f
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 257–258
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lubotsky A. M. (1985) “The PIE word for ‘dry’”, in ZVS‎[1], volume 98, pages 1–10
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 53–54
  5. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 68–69
  6. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂eh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 257
  7. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*āti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 45
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “ḫāšš-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 318–319: “PIE *h₂éh₁s-s, *h₂éh₁s-m, h₂h₁s-ós”
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “ḫāššā-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 322–323
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄζω 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 26–27
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Puhvel, Jaan (1991) Hittite Etymological Dictionary (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 5), volume 3, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 274f
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*askōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 38
  13. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “astare”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 36-37
  14. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ās-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 63
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