Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weth₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*weth₂-

1. to say

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weth₂-‎ (8 c, 0 e)

• *wéth₂-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • Proto-Celtic: *weteti (“to say”)
    • Middle Welsh: guetid
    • ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *dīweteti (+ *dī- (“from, of”))
      • Middle Welsh: dyweut (“to say”)
        • Welsh: dweud
    • ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *exswetnati (+ *exs- (“out of, from”), + *-nati)
      • Old Irish: as·féna (“to testify”)
• *woth₂-éye-ti (éye-causative)
  • Proto-Celtic: *wotāti
    • Welsh: gwadu (“to deny”)
  • Proto-Italic: *wotāō (possibly, perhaps instead from *gʷet- (“to say”), whence Germanic *kweþaną)
    • Latin: vetō (“to forbid”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wéth₂-r̥ ~ *uth₂-én-s
  • Proto-Anatolian:
    • Hittite: 𒌓𒋻 (ut-tar /⁠uttar⁠/, “word, speech”)
    • Luwian: [script needed] (utar, “word?, spell?”)
• *woth₂-ó-s
  • Proto-Celtic: *wotos
    • Old Breton: gwad (“denial”)