๐๐ป
Hittite[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- ๐๐๐ (ud-da-ar /โ uddฤrโ /)
Etymology[edit]
Uncertain and problematic. Has been traditionally considered a cognate of Ancient Greek ฮฑแฝฮดฮฎ (audแธ, โvoice, speechโ) and Sanskrit เคตเคฆเคคเคฟ (vรกdati, โto say, speakโ) from presumed Proto-Indo-European *hโwodhโ- (โto speakโ).[1]
Kloekhorst derives it instead from Proto-Indo-European *wethโ- (โto sayโ), making it a cognate of Latin vetล (โto advise not toโ) and Welsh dweud (โto sayโ).[2]
The word shows preservation of the original PIE heteroclitic inflection with secondary hysterodynamic accentuation of an originally proterodynamic word (similar to Hittite ๐๐๐ฏ (e-eลก-แธซar /โ ฤลกแธซarโ /, โbloodโ) and Hittite ๐๐ป (pรกt-tar /โ pattarโ /, โwingโ)).
Noun[edit]
๐๐ป โข (ut-tar /uttar/) n
Usage notes[edit]
Beside syllabograms, the Sumerogram ๐ (INIM) was also used, especially so for the sense of "(legal) matter, affair".
Inflection[edit]
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| Broad transcription | ||
|---|---|---|
| heteroclitic noun | ||
| Neuter gender | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | uttar | uttฤr |
| accusative | uttar | uttฤr |
| genitive | uddanaลก | uddanฤลก |
| dative-locative | uddani | uddanฤลก |
| allative | uddana | โ |
| ablative | uddanaz(a) | uddanaz(a) |
| instrumental | uddanta, uddanit | uddanta, uddanit |
| Cuneiform | ||
|---|---|---|
| heteroclitic noun | ||
| Neuter gender | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | ๐๐ป | ๐๐๐๐ |
| ut-tar | ut-ta-a-ar | |
| accusative | ๐๐ป | ๐๐๐๐ |
| ut-tar | ut-ta-a-ar | |
| genitive | ๐๐๐พ๐ธ | ๐๐๐พ๐๐ธ |
| ud-da-na-aลก | ud-da-na-a-aลก | |
| dative-locative | ๐๐๐ | ud-da-na-a-aลก |
| ud-da-ni | ud-da-na-a-aลก | |
| allative | ๐๐๐พ | โ |
| ud-da-na | ||
| ablative | ๐๐๐พ๐ | ๐๐๐พ๐ |
| ud-da-na-az | ud-da-na-az | |
| instrumental | ๐๐๐ญ๐ซ, ๐๐๐๐ | ๐๐๐ญ๐ซ, ๐๐๐๐ |
| ud-da-an-ta, ud-da-ni-it | ud-da-an-ta, ud-da-ni-it | |
| The desinences in this table have been normalized. For alternative endings see Appendix:Hittite declension | ||
Derived terms[edit]
- ๐๐๐พ๐ ๐ท๐ฃ (ud-da-na-al-li-zi /โ uddanalliziโ /, โto speak about, to conjure, to bewitchโ, verb) (third-person present singular)
References[edit]
- ^ Eichner, Heiner (1980) โPhonetik und Lautgesetze des Hethitischen โ ein Weg zu ihrer Entschlรผsselungโ, in Manfred Mayrhofer, Oskar E. Pfeiffer, Martin Peters, editors, Lautgesetze und Etymologie. Akten der VI. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft, Wien, 24.-29. September 1978 (in German), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, โISBN, โOCLC, pages 120-165
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) โuttar / uddan-โ, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, โISBN, pages 932-933