Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰáwšati

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti (“to hear, to listen”), from *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew-. The Proto-Indo-Iranian root is *gʰawš-.

Verb

*gʰáwšati

1. to hear, listen
2. to shout

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰáwṣati
  • Sanskrit: घोषति (ghóṣati)
    • Pali: ghoseti
• Proto-Iranian: *gáwšati
  • Old Avestan: 𐬔𐬏𐬱𐬙𐬁 (gūštā) (< *gáwšta)
  • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *nigáwšati
    • Baluchi: نگوشگ (negóšag, “to listen, pay attention”)
    • Parthian:

      Manichaean: 𐫗𐫃𐫇𐫢𐫀 (ngwšʾ, 2sg.pres.; 3sg.subj.)

    • Old Persian:
      • Middle Persian: (/niyōšēnd/)

        Manichaean: 𐫗𐫏𐫇𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (nywšynd, 3pl.pres.)

        Book Pahlavi: [script needed] (ndwhšynd, 3pl.pres.)

        • Persian: نیوشیدن (niyušidan)

• • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patigáwšati
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (pyuṣ-)

References

• Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 115