Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/páčati

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pékʷeti.

Verb

*páčati

1. to cook

Inflection

    Nonfinite forms of *páčati

Infinitive	*páktum
Gerund	*paktwáH
Past passive participle	*pakwás
Future passive participle	*pā́kyas

    Present forms of *páčati

	Active			Middle			Passive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
1st	*páčaHmi	*páčaHwas	*páčaHmas	*páčay	*pačáHwaȷ́ʰay	*pačáHmaȷ́ʰay	*pačyáy	*pačyáHwaȷ́ʰay	*pačyáHmaȷ́ʰay
2nd	*páčasi	*páčatʰas	*páčatʰa	*páčasay	*páčaytʰay	*páčadʰway	*pačyásay	*pačyáytʰay	*pačyádʰway
3rd	*páčati	*páčatas	*páčanti	*páčatay	*páčaytay	*páčantay	*pačyátay	*pačyáytay	*pačyántay
Imperative
1st	*páčaHni	*páčaHwa	*páčaHma	*páčaHy	*pačáHwaȷ́ʰaHy	*pačáHmaȷ́ʰaHy	*pačyáHy	*pačyáHwaȷ́ʰaHy	*pačyáHmaȷ́ʰaHy
2nd	*páča	*páčatam	*páčata	*páčaswa	*páčaytʰām	*páčadʰwam	*pačyáswa	*pačyáytʰām	*pačyádʰwam
3rd	*páčatu	*páčatām	*páčantu	*páčatām	*páčaytām	*páčantam	*pačyátām	*pačyáytām	*pačyántam
Optative
1st	*páčayHam	*páčaywa	*páčaymas	*páčayHa	*pačáywaȷ́ʰi	*pačáymaȷ́ʰi	*pačyáyHa	*pačyáywaȷ́ʰi	*pačyáymaȷ́ʰi
2nd	*páčays	*páčaytam	*páčayta	*páčaytʰās	*pačáyHātʰām	*páčaydʰwam	*pačyáytʰās	*pačyáyHātʰām	*pačyáydʰwam
3rd	*páčayt	*páčaytām	*páčayHunt	*páčayta	*pačáyHātām	*páčayrant	*pačyáyta	*pačyáyHātām	*pačyáyrant
Participles	*páčant			*páčamHnas			*pačyámHnas

    Imperfect forms of *páčati

	Active			Middle			Passive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
1st	*ápačam	*apáčaHwa	*apáčaHma	*ápačay	*apačáHwaȷ́ʰi	*apačáHmaȷ́ʰi	*apačyáy	*apačyáHwaȷ́ʰi	*apačyáHmaȷ́ʰi
2nd	*ápačas	*apáčatam	*apáčata	*apáčatʰās	*apáčaytʰām	*apáčadʰwam	*apačyátʰās	*apačyáytʰām	*apačyádʰwam
3rd	*ápačat	*apáčatām	*ápačant	*apáčata	*apáčaytām	*apáčanta	*apačyáta	*apačyáytām	*apačyánta

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páćati
  • Sanskrit: पचति (pácati) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Iranian: *pačati
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (pacaⁱti)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian:
      • Ossetian:

        Digor Ossetian: фицун (ficun), фунхт- (funxt-)

        Iron Ossetian: фыцын (fycyn), фыхт- (fyxt-), фых- (fyx-)

      • Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
        • Khotanese: [script needed] (pajs-, “to cook”); [script needed] (pach-, “to be cooked”), [script needed] (paś)
        • Wakhi: (/⁠pəṣ̌t, pəč̣-⁠/)

          Arabic script: پوڜت, پوڇ-

          Cyrillic script: пәш̣т (pәṣ̌t), пәч̣- (pәč̣-)

    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Khwarezmian: پڅ- (pc- /⁠*pac-⁠/, “to cook”); پس- (ps- /⁠*pas(s)-⁠/, “to be cooked, become ripe”)
      • Sogdian: (/⁠(ə)pač-; puγd; puxs-⁠/, “to cook, to boil”)

        Sogdian script: [script needed] (ʾpc-), [script needed] (pc-); [script needed] (pwγt /⁠puγd⁠/, “cooking”); [script needed] (pwγs- /⁠puxs-⁠/)

        Syriac script: ܦܨ- (pc-)

      • Yagnobi: пашта (pašta), пач- (pač-, “to cook; to bake”); пӯхта (püxta), пӯхс- (püxs-, “to be cooked, boiled, ripen”)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Ormuri-Parachi:
      • Ormuri: پخوک (puxọ̄k), بيژ- (bīž-)
      • Parachi: پهوک (phȫk), پېچ- (pēč-)
    • Pashto: پخول (paxawə́l), پوخ- (póx-)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: پتک (patk), پچ- (pač-, “to boil; cook”)
    • Kurdish:

      Central Kurdish: پەحتن (peḧtin /⁠paħtin⁠/), پژ- (pij- /⁠piž-⁠/)

      Northern Kurdish: pehtin (/⁠pahtin⁠/), pêj- (/⁠pēž-⁠/)

    • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
      • Caspian:
        • Gilaki: پٚختٚن (pəxtən), پٚز- (pəz-, “to cook, bake”) (influenced from Persian)
        • Old Mazanderani: بپتن (baptan), بپج- (bapij-, “to cook”) بپته (bapta, “cooked (ppp)”)
          • Mazanderani: بپتن (bapetën)
        • Shahmirzadi: بپته (bäpetà, “cooked (ppp)”)
      • Komisenian:
        • Lasgerdi: [script needed] (bæpizœ, “cooked (ppp)”)
        • Sangisari: [script needed] (bepižé, “cooked (ppp)”)
        • Sorkhei: [script needed] (påt, “cooked (ppp)”)
      • Old Median:
        • Abuzeydabadi: پووه (powa), پچ- (peč-)
        • Abyanehi: پایه (pāya), پج- (paj-)
        • Hamadani: پتن (petän), پج- (pej-)
        • Khunsari: پت (pet), پز- (pez-)
        • Nayini: پخته (paxte), پز- (pez-)
        • Qohrudi: پاده (pāda), پیچ- (pīč-)
      • Parthian: (/⁠puxtan, paž-⁠/)

        Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗 (pwxtn),𐫛𐫝- (pc-)

        > Parthian: 𐫛𐫝𐫃 (pcg /⁠pažag⁠/, “cook”) (> *páčakah)

      • Zazaki: pewten (/⁠pawtan⁠/), poten (/⁠pōtan⁠/), poc- (/⁠pōj-⁠/), pewc- (/⁠pawj-⁠/)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠puxtan, paz-⁠/, “to cook; bake”)

      Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫇𐫟𐫤𐫗 (pwxtn)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pwhtn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (APPWNtn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (pc-)

      • Classical Persian: پختن (puxtan), پز- (paz-)

        Dari: پختن (pʊxtan), پزـ (paz-)

        Iranian Persian: پختن (poxtan), پز- (paz-)

        Tajik: пухтан (puxtan), паз- (paz-)