Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hižwáH

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH.

Noun

*hižwáH

1. tongue
2. language

Inflection

aH-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*hižwáH	*hižwáy	*hižwā́h
vocative	*hižway	*hižwáy	*hižwā́h
accusative	*hižwā́m	*hižwáy	*hižwā́h
instrumental	*hižwáyaH	*hižwáHbyā	*hižwáHbiš
ablative	*hižwáyaHh	*hižwáHbyā	*hižwáHbyah
dative	*hižwáyaHy	*hižwáHbyā	*hižwáHbyah
genitive	*hižwáyaHh	*hižwā́yāh	*hižwáHnām
locative	*hižwáyaH	*hižwā́yaw	*hižwáHsu

Derived terms

• *hižwáHkaH

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬵𐬌𐬰𐬎𐬎𐬁 (hizuuā)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Pashto: ژبه (žəba)
  • Sarikoli: ziv
  • Shughni-Roshani:
    • Roshani: [script needed] (ziv)
    • Shughni: [script needed] (ziv)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi:

    Eastern Balochi: زوان (zawán), زوان (zawán)

    Southern Balochi: زبان (zibán)

    Western Balochi: زبان (zubán)

  • Kurdish:
    • Central Kurdish: زِمان (ziman)
    • Northern Kurdish: ziman, ezman
    • Southern Kurdish: زِوان (ziwan), زووان (zuwan)
    • Laki: زووان (zuwan)
  • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *hižwā́
    • Caspian:
      • Gilaki: زوان (zovān), زوون (zevan)
      • Mazanderani: زوون (zëvun), زبون (zëbun)
      • Old Gorgani: ژوان (žovān), زوان (zovān)
    • Old Median:
      • Alviri-Vidari: زووان (zuvān)
      • Proto-Tatic:
        • Talysh:

          Central Talysh: زون (zun)

          Northern Talysh: zıvon

          Southern Talysh: زون (zavon)

        • Old Tati:

          Old Azari: زوان (zawān)

          • Harzani: زوهون (zuhun)
          • Karingani: زیون (zivun)
          • Kalasuri: زوان (zuân)
    • Parthian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫉𐫁𐫀𐫗 (ʿzbʾn /⁠izβān⁠/)

    • Zaza-Gurani:
      • Gurani: زوان (ziwan, zwān), زووان (zuwan)
      • Zazaki: zıwan (zewān), zon, zun, zong
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: 𐏃𐏀𐎠 (h-z-a /⁠hizāna⁠/)
    • Middle Persian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫉𐫇𐫀𐫗 (ʿzwʾn /⁠izwān⁠/)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwzwʾn' /⁠uzwān⁠/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (zwbʾn' /⁠zuwān⁠/)

      • Classical Persian: زفان (zufān), زڤان (zuβān~zaβān) , زبان (zobân, zabân)
        • Iranian Persian: زبان (zabān)
      • Lurish:

        Northern Luri: زۊن (zevö)

        • Nahavandi: زۆ (zö)

          Silakhori: زڤۆ (zevow)

        Bakhtiari: زۊن (zun)

        Southern Luri: زۊن (zun)

      • Judeo-Tat:

        Cyrillic script: зугьун (zuhun)

        Hebrew script: זוהונ

        Latin script: zuhun

      • Tajik: забон (zabon)