[edit] English
[edit] Etymology
Middle English language, from Old French language, from Vulgar Latin *linguāticum, from Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin *dingua ("tongue"), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue, speech, language”). Displaced native Middle English rearde, ȝerearde (“language”) (from Old English reord (“language, speech”)), Middle English londspreche, londspeche (“language”) (from Old English *landsprǣċ ("language, national tongue"), Old English þēod and þēodisc (“language”).
[edit] Pronunciation
language (countable and uncountable; plural languages)
- (countable) A form of communication using words either spoken or gestured with the hands and structured with grammar, often with a writing system.
- the English language
- sign language
- 1900, William Beckford, The History of the Caliph Vathek[1], page 50:
- "No language could express his rage and despair."
- (uncountable) The ability to communicate using words.
- the gift of language
- (countable or uncountable) Nonverbal communication.
- body language
- (computing, countable) A computer language.
- (uncountable) The vocabulary and usage used in a particular specialist field.
- legal language
- (uncountable) The particular words used in speech or a passage of text.
- The language he used to talk to me was obscene.
- The language used in the law does not permit any other interpretation.
- (uncountable) Profanity.
- 1978, James Carroll, Mortal Friends[2], ISBN 0440157897, page 500:
- "Where the hell is Horace?" ¶"There he is. He's coming. You shouldn't use language."
- Words, written or spoken, in a specific sequence that a person uses to describe, to a another person, the type of thoughts in their mind.
[edit] Usage notes
- Adjectives often applied to "language": spoken, written, abusive, foul, vulgar, coarse, offensive, obscene, explicit, insulting, modern, ancient, natural, artificial, constructed, formal, figurative, metaphorical, literal, national, international, technical, legal, political, scientific, mathematical, endangered, extinct, plain, clear, complex, simple.
[edit] Synonyms
- (system of communication): lingo (colloquial), tongue, speech, parlance
- (computer language): computer language, programming language
- (vocabulary of a particular field): jargon, phraseology, terminology
- (particular words used): lexis, phraseology, phrasing, terms, wording, words
[edit] Derived terms
Terms derived from language
[edit] Related terms
[edit] Translations
system of communication using words or symbols
- Abkhaz: абызшәа (ab) (abyzšwa)
- Adyghe: бзэ (bza)
- Afrikaans: taal
- Ainu: イタㇰ (itak)
- Albanian: gjuhë (sq) f.
- Arabic: لُغَةٌ (ar) (lúgha) f., لسان (ar) (lisān) m. and f.
- Egyptian Arabic: لغة (loğa) f.
- Aragonese: luenga (an) f., idioma (an) m.
- Aramaic:
- Syriac: ܠܫܢܐ (lišānā’) m.
- Hebrew: לשנא (lišānā’) m.
- Archi: чӀат
- Armenian: լեզու (hy) (lezu)
- Aromanian: limbã
- Assamese: ভাষা (as)
- Asturian: idioma m., llingua f.
- Avar: мацӀ (av) (macʼ)
- Azeri: dil
- Bashkir: тел (tel)
- Basque: hizkuntza
- Belarusian: мова (be) (móva) f.
- Bengali: ভাষা (bn) (bhāṣā)
- Bosnian: jezik (bs) m.
- Breton: yezh (br)
- Budukh: мез (mez)
- Bulgarian: език (bg) (ezík) m.
- Burmese: ဘာသာစကား (my) (batha-zăgà), စကား (my) (zăgà), ဘာသာ (my) (batha)
- Buryat: хэлэн (xeleng)
- Catalan: idioma (ca) m., llengua (ca) f., llenguatge (ca) m.
- Chechen: мотт (mott)
- Cherokee: ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ (gawonihisdi)
- Chinese:
- Dungan: йүян
- Mandarin: 語言 (cmn), 语言 (cmn) (yǔyán)
- Min Nan: gí-giân
- Chuvash: чӗлхе (çělxe)
- Coptic: ⲗⲁⲥ (las)
- Cornish: yeth
- Corsican: lingua (co)
- Crimean Tatar: dil
- Croatian: jezik (hr) m.
- Czech: jazyk (cs) m., řeč (cs) f.
- Danish: sprog (da) n., mål (da)
- Dargwa: мез (mez)
- Dhivehi: ބަސް (dv) (bas)
- Dolgan: тыл (tıl)
- Dutch: taal (nl) f., spraak (nl) f.
- Erzya: кель
- Esperanto: lingvo (eo)
- Estonian: keel (et)
- Faroese: mál (fo) n., tungumál (fo) n.
- Fiji Hindi: bhasa
- Finnish: kieli (fi)
- French: langue (fr) f.
- Old French: langue f.
- Middle French: langue f.
- Gagauz: dil
- Galician: linguaxe
- Georgian: ენა (ka) (ena)
- German: Sprache (de) f.
- Gilbertese: taetae
- Gothic: 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 (razda) f.
- Greek: γλώσσα (el) (glóssa) f.
- Ancient: γλῶσσα (glỗssα) f., γλῶττα (glỗttα) f.
- Gujarati: બાશા (bāshā)
- Hawaiian: ‘ōlelo
- Hebrew: לשון (he) (lašón, lashón) f., שפה (he) (safá) f.
- Hindi: भाषा (hi) (bhāṣā) f., ज़बान (hi) (zabān) f.
- Hungarian: nyelv (hu)
- Icelandic: mál (is) n., tungumál (is) n., tunga (is) n.
- Ido: linguo
- Indonesian: bahasa (id)
- Ingush: мотт (mott)
- Interlingua: lingua, linguage (ia)
- Irish: teanga (ga) f.
- Italian: lingua (it) f.
- Japanese: 言語 (ja) (げんご, gengo)
- Javanese: basa
- Kabardian: бзэ (bza)
- Kalmyk: келн (keln)
- Kannada: ಭಾಷೆ (kn) (bhāsse)
- Kanuri: tǝlam
- Karachay-Balkar: тил (til)
- Karakalpak: til
- Kashubian: jãzëk
- Kazakh: тіл (kk) (til)
- Ket: ӄа’ (qaʔ)
- Khakas: тіл (tíl)
- Khmer: ភាសា (km) (pīăsā)
- Komi: кыв (kyv)
- Korean: 언어 (ko) (eon-eo), 말 (ko) (mal)
- Koryak: йилыйил (yiləyil)
- Krisa: iasg
- Kumyk: тил (til)
- Kurdish: ziman (ku), زمان (ku)
- Kyrgyz: тил (til)
|
|
- Lakota: iyapi
- Lao: ພາສາ (lo) (phaa-saa)
- Latgalian: volūda f.
- Latin: lingua (la) f.
- Latvian: valoda (lv) f.
- Limburgish: taol f.
- Lingala: lokóta
- Lithuanian: kalba (lt) f.
- Lojban: bangu (jbo)
- Luxembourgish: Sprooch f.
- Macedonian: јазик (mk) (jázik) m.
- Malay: bahasa (ms)
- Malayalam: ഭാഷ (ml) (bhaasha)
- Maltese: lingwa (mt), ilsien (mt)
- Manx: çhengey (gv) f.
- Maori: reo (mi)
- Marathi: भाषा (bhāshā)
- Maricopa: chuukwer
- Mazanderani: زوون
- Mirandese: lhéngua f.
- Moksha: кяль (kyal’)
- Mongolian: хэл (mn) (hel)
- Nahuatl: tlahtōlli (nah)
- Nauruan: langue (na)
- Navajo: saad
- Nepali: भाषा (ne) (bhāṣā)
- Nogai: тил (til)
- Northern Sami: giella
- Norwegian: språk (no) n., talemål (no) (oral only) n.
- Novial: lingue
- O'odham: ñiok
- Occitan: lenga f.
- Ojibwe: inwewin, inwewinan pl.
- Old Church Slavonic: ѩзꙑкъ (językŭ) m.
- Old English: spræc (ang)
- Old High German: sprāhha
- Old Norse: mál n., tunga f.
- Old Provençal: lengaje
- Oriya: ଭାଷା (or) (bhāṣā)
- Pashto: ژبه (ps) (žëba) f.
- Persian: زبان (fa) (zæbān)
- Polish: język (pl) m., mowa (pl) f.
- Portuguese: idioma (pt) m., língua (pt) f., linguagem (pt) f.
- Pulaar: ɗemŋgal
- Punjabi: ਬੋਲੀ (bōlī), ਜ਼ਬਾਨ (zabān), ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (bhāśā)
- Quechua: rimay, simi
- Romanian: limbă (ro) f.
- Romansch: linguatg (rm)
- Russian: язык (ru) (jazýk) m.
- Samoan: gagana (sm)
- Sanskrit: भाषा (sa) (bhāṣā) f.
- Santali: ᱨᱳᱲ (rorr)
- Scots: leid
- Scottish Gaelic: cànan (gd) m., cainnt (gd) f.
- Serbian: језик (sr) m., jezik (sr) m.
- Shor: тил (til)
- Sindhi: زبان (sd) (zuban) f.
- Sinhalese: භාෂාව (si) (bhāṣāva)
- Skolt Sami: ǩiõll
- Slovak: jazyk (sk) m.
- Slovene: jezik (sl) m.
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: rěc f.
- Sotho: puo (st)
- Southern Altai: тил (til)
- Southern Sami: giella
- Spanish: lengua (es) f., idioma (es) m.
- Svan: ნინ (nin)
- Swahili: lugha sg/pl (noun 9/10), ki- (noun prefix 7)
- Swedish: språk (sv) n., tungomål (sv) n.
- Tahitian: please add this translation if you can
- Tajik: забон (tg) (zabon)
- Tamil: மொழி (ta) (moḻi), பாசை (ta) (pācai)
- Tatar: tel (tt), тел (tt)
- Telugu: భాష (te) (bhaasha)
- Thai: ภาษา (th) (paasăa)
- Tongan: please add this translation if you can
- Turkish: dil, lisan (obsolete)
- Turkmen: dil (tk)
- Tuvan: дыл (dıl)
- Uab Meto: uab
- Udmurt: кыв (kyl)
- Ukrainian: мова (uk) (móva) f.
- Urdu: زبان (ur) (zabān) f., بھاشا (ur) (bhāṣā) f.
- Uyghur: تىل (ug) (til)
- Uzbek: til (uz), zabon (uz)
- Vietnamese: tiếng (vi), ngôn ngữ (vi), tiếng nói (vi) (verbal)
- Volapük: pük (vo)
- Welsh: iaith (cy) f.
- West Frisian: taal
- Wolof: làkk
- Xhosa: ulwimi
- !Xóõ: ǂàã
- Yakut: тыл (tıl)
- Yiddish: לשון (yi) (loshn) n., שפּראַך (yi) (shprakh) f.
|
the ability to communicate using words
vocabulary of a particular field
- Arabic: لُغَةٌ (lúğa) f.
- Armenian: լեզու (hy) (lezu)
- Bulgarian: език (bg) (ezík) m.
- Catalan: llenguatge (ca) m.
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 語言 (cmn), 语言 (cmn) (yǔyán), 用語 (cmn), 用语 (cmn) (yòngyǔ), 詞語 (cmn), 词语 (cmn) (cíyǔ)
- Czech: jazyk (cs) m., řeč (cs) f.
- Danish: sprog (da) n., terminologi (da)
- Dutch: taal (nl) f., jargon (nl) f.
- Esperanto: lingvo (eo)
- Finnish: kieli (fi), sanasto (fi)
- French: langage (fr) m., jargon (fr) m.
- Galician: linguaxe
- Georgian: ენა (ka), ენები (ka) pl.
- German: Sprache (de) f., Jargon (de) n.
- Greek: ιδιογλωσσία (el) (idioglossía) f., φρασεολογία (el) (fraseología) f., διάλεκτος (el) (diálektos) f.
- Hebrew: לשון (lašón) f., שפה (safa) f.
- Interlingua: linguage
|
|
- Italian: linguaggio (it) m.
- Japanese: 用語 (ようご, yōgo)
- Khmer: ភាសា (pīăsā)
- Korean: 용어 (用語, yong-eo)
- Navajo: saad
- Norwegian: språk (no) (n.), terminologi (no) (m.)
- Novial: lingue
- Polish: język (pl) m.
- Portuguese: linguagem (pt) f.
- Romanian: limbaj (ro) n., jargon (ro) n.
- Russian: язык (ru) (jazýk) m., лексикон (ru) (leksikón) m.
- Scottish Gaelic: cainnt (gd) f.
- Spanish: lenguaje (es) m.
- Swedish: språk (sv) n.
- Tamil: மொழி, பாசை
- Telugu: పదజాలం (padajAlam), అక్షరమాల (te) (aksharamala)
- Turkish: dil (tr)
- Vietnamese: ngôn ngữ, biệt ngữ, từ vựng, thuật ngữ
- Yiddish: שפּראַך (yi) (shprakh) f.
|
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
[edit] Statistics
[edit] French
language m. (plural languages)
- Archaic spelling of langage.
[edit] Middle French
[edit] Alternative forms
language m. (plural languages)
- language (style of communicating)
[edit] See also
[edit] Old French
[edit] Alternative forms
[edit] Etymology
Vulgar Latin *linguāticum, from Classical Latin lingua (“tongue, language”).
language f. (oblique plural languages, nominative singular language, nominative plural languages)
- language (style of communicating)
[edit] Descendants
[edit] See also
