grammar

English

Alternative forms

• grammary

Etymology

From Middle English gramarye, gramery, from Old French gramaire (“classical learning”), from Latin grammatica, from Ancient Greek γραμματική (grammatike, “skilled in writing”), from γράμμα (gramma, “line of writing”), from γράφω (grapho, “write”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerebh- (“to scratch”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA: /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æmə(r)

Noun

grammar (countable and uncountable; plural grammars)

1. A system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.
2. (uncountable, linguistics) The study of the internal structure of words (morphology) and the use of words in the construction of phrases and sentences (syntax).
3. A book describing the rules of grammar of a language.
4. (computing theory) A formal system specifying the syntax of a language.
5. (computing theory) A formal system defining a formal language
6. The basic rules or principles of a field of knowledge or a particular skill.
   • 2011, Javier Solana and Daniel Innerarity, Project Syndicate, The New Grammar of Power:

     We must learn a new grammar of power in a world that is made up more of the common good – or the common bad – than of self-interest or national interest.

7. (UK, archaic) a textbook.

Synonyms

• (linguistics): morpho-syntax (from the relationship between morphology and syntax)

Derived terms

• grammar school
• grammarchecker
• grammarian

Related terms

• glamour

Translations

rules for speaking and writing a language

Albanian: gramatikë (sq) f. Amharic: ሰዋሰው (am) (säwasäwə) Arabic: قواعد (ar) (qawaa3id) pl., نحو (ar) (naHw) m. Aragonese: gramatica (an) Armenian: քերականություն (hy) (k’erakanut’yun) Asturian: gramática (ast) Azeri: qrammatika (az) Belarusian: граматыка (be) (hramátyka) f. Bengali: ব্যাকরণ (bn) (byākaraṇ) Bulgarian: граматика (bg) (gramátika) f. Burmese: သဒ္ဒါ (my) (dhada) Catalan: gramàtica (ca) f. Chinese: Mandarin: 語法 (cmn), 语法 (cmn) (yǔfǎ), 文法 (cmn) (wénfǎ) Min Nan: 文法 (bûn-hoat) Gan: 文法 Chuvash: грамматика Croatian: gramàtika (hr) f., slóvnica (hr) f. Czech: mluvnice (cs) f., gramatika (cs) f. Danish: grammatik (da) Dutch: spraakkunst (nl) f., grammatica (nl) f. Esperanto: gramatiko (eo) Faroese: mállæra (fo) f. Finnish: kielioppi (fi) French: grammaire (fr) f. Georgian: გრამატიკა (ka) (gramatika) German: Grammatik (de) f. Greek: γραμματική (el) (grammatikí) f. Greenlandic: oqaasilerissutit (kl) Hebrew: דִּקְדּוּק (he) (dikduk) m. Hindi: व्याकरण (hi) (vyākaraṇ) m., ब्याकरण (hi) (byākaraṇ) m. Hungarian: nyelvtan (hu) Icelandic: málfræði (is) f. Indonesian: tata bahasa (id) Interlingua: grammatica (ia) Irish: gramadach (ga) f. Italian: grammatica (it) f. Japanese: 文法 (ja) (ぶんぽう, bunpō) Kannada: ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ (kn) Khmer: វេយ្យាករណ៍ (km) (veiyyiekɑɑ) Korean: 문법 (ko) (munbeob) (文法 (ko)) Kurdish: Sorani: ڕێزمان (ku) (RaezmAn)

Ladino: gramatika Lao: ໄວຍະກອນ (lo) (vai-nya-kǭn) Latvian: gramatika (lv) f. Lithuanian: gramatika (lt) f. Macedonian: граматика (mk) (gramátika) f. Malay: tatabahasa (ms) Malayalam: വ്യാകരണം (ml) Marathi: व्याकरण (mr) n. Mirandese: gramática Norwegian: grammatikk (no) Novial: gramatike Occitan: gramatica (oc) f. Persian: دستور زبان (fa) (dastur-e zabân) Polish: gramatyka (pl) f. Portuguese: gramática (pt) f. Romanian: gramatică (ro) f. Russian: грамматика (ru) (grammátika) f. Samogitian: gramatėka f. Sanskrit: व्याकरण (sa) (vyākaraṇa) n. Scottish Gaelic: gràmar (gd) m. Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: граматика (sh) f., словница (sh) f. Roman: gramatika (sh) f., slovnica (sh) f. Sinhalese: ව්‍යාකරණ (si) Slovak: gramatika (sk) f. Slovene: slovnica (sl) Spanish: gramática (es) f. Swedish: grammatik (sv) c. Tagalog: balarila (tl) Tajik: дастури забон (tg) Tamil: இலக்கணம் (ta) (ilakkaṇam) Telugu: నామవాచకం (te) Thai: ไวยากรณ์ (th) (wai-yaa-gon) Turkish: gramer (tr), dil bilgisi (tr) Ukrainian: граматика (uk) (hramátyka) f. Urdu: ویاکرن (ur) (vyākaraṇ) m. Vietnamese: ngữ pháp (vi) (語法 (vi)) Volapük: gramat (vo) Welsh: gramadeg (cy) Yiddish: גראמאטיק (yi) (gramatik) Zealandic: grammaotica

study of internal structure and use of words

Albanian: gramatikë (sq) f. Arabic: علم قواعد (ar) (3ilm qawaa3id) m. Catalan: gramàtica (ca) Croatian: gramàtika (hr) f. Finnish: kielioppi (fi) French: grammaire (fr) f. German: Grammatik (de) f. Greek: γραμματική (el) (grammatikí) f. Interlingua: grammatica (ia) Italian: grammatica (it) f. Japanese: 文法 (ja) (ぶんぽう, bunpō) Korean: 문법 (ko) (munbeop), 문법학 (ko) (munbeophak)

Macedonian: граматика (mk) (gramátika) f. Novial: gramatike Persian: دستور زبان (fa) Polish: gramatyka (pl) f. Portuguese: gramática (pt) f. Russian: грамматика (ru) (grammátika) f. Scottish Gaelic: gràmar (gd) m. Slovene: slovnica (sl) Spanish: gramática (es) f. Swedish: grammatik (sv) c. Tajik: дастури забон (tg) Turkish: gramer (tr), dil bilgisi (tr)

book describing grammar

Arabic: قواعد (ar) (qawaa3id) pl. Catalan: gramàtica Croatian: gramàtika (hr) f., slóvnica (hr) f. Finnish: kielioppikirja French: grammaire (fr) f. Greek: γραμματική (el) (grammatikí) f. Interlingua: grammatica Italian: grammatica (it) f. Japanese: 文法書 (ぶんぽうしょ, bunpōsho), 文法書 (ja) (ぶんぽうしょ, bunpōsho)

Korean: 문법책 (ko) (munbeopchaek) Macedonian: граматика (mk) (gramátika) f. Manx: lioar ghrammeydys (gv) f. Novial: gramatike Portuguese: gramática (pt) f. Russian: грамматика (ru) (grammátika) f. Slovene: slovnica (sl) Swedish: grammatik (sv) c., grammatikbok (sv) c., språklära (sv) c. Turkish: gramer kitabı, dil bilgisi kitabı

in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language

Arabic: قواعد (ar) (qawaa3id) pl. Chinese: Mandarin: 語法 (cmn), 语法 (cmn) (yǔfǎ) Croatian: gramàtika (hr) f., Czech: gramatika (cs) f. Finnish: kielioppi (fi) French: grammaire (fr) f. Greek: γραμματική (el) (grammatikí) f.

Japanese: 文法 (ja) (ぶんぽう, bunpō) Macedonian: граматика (mk) (gramátika) f. Novial: gramatike Polish: gramatyka (pl) f. Portuguese: gramática (pt) f. Russian: грамматика (ru) (grammátika) f. Swedish: grammatik (sv) c.

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Translations to be checked

Basque: gramatika Hindi: व्याकरण Indonesian: tata bahasa

See also

• Grammar on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Appendix:Glossary of grammar
• Category:Grammar

External links

• grammar at The Septic's Companion: A British Slang Dictionary

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Manx

Noun

grammar m.

1. grammar

Mutation

Manx mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
grammar	ghrammar	ngrammar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Synonyms

• grammeydys

Related terms

• grammeydagh
• neughrammeydoil