Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/upay

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Noun

*upay

1. above, over

   Antonym: *sita (“down”)

Descendants

• Old Japanese: 上 (upe₂, upa)
  • Japanese: 上 (ue, uwa)
• Proto-Ryukyuan: *ue
  • Northern Ryukyuan:
    • Kikai: 上 (wïï)
    • Kunigami: 上 (ui)
    • Northern Amami-Oshima: 上 ('wïï)
    • Okinawan: 上 ('wī)
    • Oki-No-Erabu: 上 (ui)
    • Southern Amami-Oshima: 上 ('wïï)
    • Toku-No-Shima: 上 ('wïï)
    • Yoron: 上 (ui)
  • Southern Ryukyuan:
    • Miyako:

      Hirara: 上 (ui)

      Ikema: 上 (ui) (tone class A)

      Irabu: 上 (ui)

      Tarama: 上 (ui) (tone class A)

    • Yaeyama: 上 (ui) (tone class A)
    • Yonaguni: 上 (ui)