Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьvati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From an earlier onomatopoeic *čuti (“to growl”) +‎ *-ati. Probably reflects a s-mobile root Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew-, which yielded as well synonymous Proto-Slavic *ščuti, *ščьvati (“to bark, to slander, to swagger”) (attested in Slovene ščúti / ščúvati, Polish szczuć / szczwać, Czech štvát).

Verb

*čьvati impf

1. to growl, to bark
2. (figurative) to harass, to snub

Conjugation

Conjugation of *čьvati, *čьva, *čьvajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*čьvanьje	*čьvati	*čьvatъ	*čьvalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*čьvanъ	*čьvajemъ
Active	*čьvavъ	*čьvaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čьvaxъ	*čьva	*čьva	*čьvajǫ	*čьvaješi	*čьvajetь
Dual	*čьvaxově	*čьvasta	*čьvaste	*čьvajevě	*čьvajeta	*čьvajete
Plural	*čьvaxomъ	*čьvaste	*čьvašę	*čьvajemъ	*čьvajete	*čьvajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čьvaaxъ	*čьvaaše	*čьvaaše	—	*čьvaji	*čьvaji
Dual	*čьvaaxově	*čьvaašeta	*čьvaašete	*čьvajivě	*čьvajita	—
Plural	*čьvaaxomъ	*čьvaašete	*čьvaaxǫ	*čьvajimъ	*čьvajite	—

Derived terms

• *čьvanъ (“conceited, arrogant”) (past participle)
  • *čьvaniti (causative verb)
  • *čьvanьstvo (abstract noun)

Related terms

• *čuxъ (“growl, bark”)
  • *čuxati (“to growl; to drive away”)
• *xula (“unjust vilification, insult”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Ukrainian: чва́ти (čváty)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: čvat (dialectal)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čьvanъ I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 178: прич. стр. прош. от гл. *čьvati
• чвати in Горох.ua (Етимологія)