bark

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Contents

English[edit]

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 Bark on Wikipedia

Wikipedia

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English barken, berken, borken, from Old English beorcan (“to bark, bark at”), from the Proto-Germanic *berkaną (“to bark, rumble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰereg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to drone, hum, buzz”). Cognate with Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”), Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”), dialectal Lithuanian burgė́ti, Serbo-Croatian brgljati (“to murmur”). For the noun, compare Old English beorc, bearce (“barking”).
Recorded barks of a dog.
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

Verb[edit]

bark (third-person singular simple present barks, present participle barking, simple past and past participle barked)

  1. (intransitive) To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs (said of animals, especially dogs).
    The neighbour's dog is always barking.
    The seal barked as the zookeeper threw fish into its enclosure.
  2. (intransitive) To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries.
    • (Can we date this quote?), Tyndale.
      They bark, and say the Scripture maketh heretics.
    • (Can we date this quote?), Fuller
      Where there is the barking of the belly, there no other commands will be heard, much less obeyed. .
  3. (transitive) To speak sharply.
    The sergeant barked an order.
    • 2011 January 5, Mark Ashenden, “Wolverhampton 1 - 0 Chelsea”, BBC:
      While McCarthy prowled the touchline barking orders, his opposite number watched on motionless and expressionless and, with 25 minutes to go, decided to throw on Nicolas Anelka for Kalou.

Usage notes[edit]

Historically, bork existed as a past tense form and borken as a past participle, but both forms are now obsolete.

Derived terms[edit]
terms derived from bark verb
Synonyms[edit]
Translations[edit]
to make a loud noise (dogs)
to make a clamor
to speak sharply
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun[edit]

bark (plural barks)

  1. The short, loud, explosive sound uttered by a dog.
  2. A similar sound made by some other animals.
  3. (figuratively) An abrupt loud vocal utterance.
    • circa 1921, The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, vol 11:
      Fox’s clumsy figure, negligently dressed in blue and buff, seemed unprepossessing; only his shaggy eyebrows added to the expression of his face; his voice would rise to a bark in excitement.
Translations[edit]
short, loud, explosive utterance
similar sound of other animals
figurative: abrupt utterance

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle English bark, from Old English barc (“bark”), from Old Norse bǫrkr (“tree bark”), from Proto-Germanic *barkuz, probably related to *birkijǭ (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰergo- (compare Latin frāxinus (“ash”), Lithuanian béržas (“birch”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰereg- (“to gleam; white”) (compare English bright); akin to Danish bark, Icelandic börkr, Low German borke and Albanian berk (“the inner bark of a tree trunk”).

Noun[edit]

Wikipedia has an article on:

Wikipedia bark (countable and uncountable; plural barks)

  1. (countable, uncountable) The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree; the rind.
  2. (medicine) Peruvian bark or Jesuit's bark, the bark of the cinchona from which quinine is produced.
  3. The crust formed on barbecued meat that has had a rub applied to it.
    • 2009, Julie Reinhardt, She-Smoke: A Backyard Barbecue Book, page 151:
      This softens the meat further, but at some loss of crunch to the bark.
Usage notes[edit]

Usually uncountable; bark may be countable when referring to the barks of different types of tree.

Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
exterior covering of a tree
in medicine — see Jesuit's bark

Verb[edit]

bark (third-person singular simple present barks, present participle barking, simple past and past participle barked)

  1. To strip the bark from; to peel.
  2. To abrade or rub off any outer covering from.
    to bark one’s heel
  3. To girdle.
  4. To cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark.
    bark the roof of a hut
Translations[edit]
to strip the bark from, to peel
to abrade or rub off any outer covering from
to girdle — see girdle
to cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark

Etymology 3[edit]

From Middle English barke 'boat', from Middle French barque, from Late Latin barca, from Vulgar Latin barica, from Ancient Greek βάρις (báris) 'Egyptian boat', from Coptic bari 'small boat', from Egyptian bēre.

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

bark (plural barks)

  1. (obsolete) A small sailing vessel, e.g. a pinnace or a fishing smack; a rowing boat or barge.
  2. (poetic) a sailing vessel or boat of any kind.
    • circa 1609, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116:
      It is the star to every wandering bark
    • circa 1880, among the Poems of Emily Dickinson:
      Whether my bark went down at sea, Whether she met with gales, […]
  3. (nautical) A three-masted vessel, having her foremast and mainmast square-rigged, and her mizzenmast schooner-rigged.
Translations[edit]
small sailing vessel
poetic term for a boat
three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged

Anagrams[edit]

Albanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Albanian *báruka, from *bʰor-ukos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- ‘to carry’. Compare Old Irish bru (“belly”), bruach (“big-bellied”), Russian брюхо (brjúcho, “lower abdomen, belly, paunch”). More at bie and barrë.

Noun[edit]

bark m (indefinite plural barqe, definite singular barku, definite plural barqet)

  1. (anatomy) belly

Declension[edit]

declension of bark
indefinite forms
(trajta të pashquara)		 definite forms
(trajta të shquara)
singular
(numri njëjës)		 plural
(numri shumës)		 singular
(numri njëjës)		 plural
(numri shumës)
nominative
(emërore)		 bark barqe barku barqet
accusative
(kallëzore)		 bark barqe barkun barqet
genitive
(gjinore)
(i/e/të/së)		 barku barqeve barkut barqeve
dative
(dhanore)		 barku barqeve barkut barqeve
ablative
(rrjedhore)		 barku barqesh barkut barqeve

Danish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse bǫrkr.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA: /bark/, [b̥ɑːɡ̊]

Noun[edit]

bark c (singular definite barken, not used in plural form)

  1. bark (covering of the trunk of a tree)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Norse barki

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA: /bark/, [b̥ɑːɡ̊]

Noun[edit]

bark c (singular definite barken, plural indefinite barker)

  1. bark (large sailing boat)
Inflection[edit]
    Inflection of bark
common gender Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative, dative and accusative bark barken barker barkerne
genitive barks barkens barkers barkernes

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bark f, m (plural barken, diminutive barkje)

  1. barge, a large type of rowing - or sailing boat
  2. the bark of certain trees, used for its tannin

Anagrams[edit]

Faroese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Danish bark, from Middle French barque, from Late Latin barca, from Vulgar Latin barica, from Ancient Greek βάρις (báris, “Egyptian boat”), from Coptic ⲃⲁⲣⲓ (bari, “small boat”), from Egyptian bēre.

Noun[edit]

bark f (genitive singular barkar, plural barkir)

  1. (nautical) bark: A three-masted vessel, having her foremast and mainmast square-rigged, and her mizzenmast schooner-rigged.

Declension[edit]

f2 Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative bark barkin barkir barkirnar
Accusative bark barkina barkir barkirnar
Dative bark barkini barkum barkunum
Genitive barkar barkarinnar barka barkanna

Synonyms[edit]

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bark m (genitive barku, plural barki)

  1. shoulder
  2. barque
  3. unit in the Bark scale

Swedish[edit]

Noun[edit]

bark c (uncountable)

  1. bark (covering of the trunk of a tree)
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